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Quarkonia Production in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC

Title. 1/25. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji. Quarkonia Production in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC. T. Gunji Center for Nuclear Study University of Tokyo. Outline. 2. Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji. Outline. Introduction J/ y Measurement at RHIC

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Quarkonia Production in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC

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  1. Title 1/25 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Quarkonia Production in High Energy Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC T. Gunji Center for Nuclear Study University of Tokyo

  2. Outline 2 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Outline • Introduction • J/y Measurement at RHIC • Fate of J/y in Heavy Ion collisions • J/y Production in d+Au collisions • Cold nuclear matter effect • J/y Production in A+A collisions • Hot and dense medium effect • Future perspectives • Summary

  3. Introduction 3 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y Measurement at RHIC • PHENIX • |y|<0.35 , di-electron pairs • 1.2<|y|<2.2, di-muon pairs • 2002 ~ • STAR • |y|<1.0, di-electron pairs • Dedicated trigger • Single ET Trigger • Double electron trigger • 2005~ p+p: PRL 92, 051802 (2004), PRL 96, 012304 (2006) PRL 98, 232002 (2007) d+Au: PRL 96, 012304 (2006) ,PRC 77, 024912 (2008) Au+Au: PRC 69. 014901 (2004), PRL 98, 232001 (2007) Cu+Cu: PRL 101, 122301 (2008)

  4. Introduction 4 M.J. Leitch for the PHENIX collaboration, arXiv:0806.1244 [nucl-ex] Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y Mass spectra 2005 p+p 2008 d+Au 2005 Cu+Cu 2004 Au+Au Successful operation of RHIC, PHENIX and STAR gain J/y statistics every year!!

  5. Introduction 5 PHENIX Preliminary p+p QM05 p+p QM06 PHENIX Run 5 200GeV p+p ee  STAR Run 5 200GeV p+p ccJ/y+g =10.24/8 PHENIX Run 5 200GeV p+p ’e+e- p+p 200GeV, Run-6 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Other Quarkonia Measurement • Upsilon • cc and y’

  6. Introduction 6 PHENIX PRL 98, 232002 (2007) STAR arXiv: 0806.0353 [nucl-ex] M. J. Leitch RHIC&AGS Meeting 2008 PHENIX PRL 98, 232002 (2007) STAR arXiv: 0806.0347 [nucl-ex] Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y in p+p from STAR and PHENIX • PHENIX and STAR results are consistent. • High statistics from PHENIX • High pT from STAR

  7. Introduction 7 20% ~ 40% from cc ~ 8% from y’ S. X. Oda QM2008 STAR arXiv: 0806.0347 [nucl-ex] Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Feed down to J/y from higher states • Source of J/y : • cc J/y : 20-40% • y’  J/y : ~8% • BJ/y : ~4% (@RHIC)

  8. Fate of J/y in Heavy Ion Collisions 8 tccbar~ 0.06fm, tform ~ 1fm/c [Bhanot+Peskin ’79] Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Fate of J/y in Heavy Ion Collisions • Initial stage • Gluon shadowing • Gluon saturation (CGC) • Nuclear Matter • Nuclear absorption • Cronin effect Initial + nuclear matter effect = “CNM effect” • Hot and dense medium • Color screening • Dissociation by gluon • Regeneration from • heavy qqbar pairs

  9. J/y Production in d+Au 9 • σabs = 4.18 ± 0.35 mb • at SPS arXiv:0802.0139 anti-shadowing shadowing Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y in d+Au collisions at RHIC • Initial stage effect • Gluon shadowing • depletion of gluon PDF in small x region • Color Glass Condensate • Gluon saturation from non-linear gluon interactions for the high density at small x. • Nuclear matter effect • Nuclear absorption • Dissociation of J/y or pre-resonance by spectators. • J/y in d+Au @ PHENIX: • -2.2<y<-1.2 : x~0.09 • y~0 : x~0.02 • 1.2<y<2.2 : x~0.003

  10. J/y Production in d+Au 10 E. G. Ferreiro et al. arXiv:0809.4684[hep-ph] PHENIX PRC 77, 024912 (2008) Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji RdAu vs. Rapidity PHENIX revisits systematic error evaluation. • Tendency is well agreement within shadowing predictions. • EKS/NDSG Model (+21 process, g+gJ/y) • EKS + 22 process (g+gJ/y+g, extrinsic), less rapidity dep. • Break up cross section is 2~4mb. • Need more statistics to constraint cold matter effects. Details: L. A. Linden Levy (session 5), Raphaël Granier de Cassagnac (Session 9)

  11. J/y Production in A+A 11 [Bhanot+Peskin ’79] Potential Model & lattice simulations S. Digal, F. Karsch and H. Satz TJ/y ~ 1.2Tc [A. Mocsy et al, PRL 99(2007)211602, HP’08] Tcc ~ 2Tc [T. Umeda, PRD. 75, 094502 (07)] Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y in A+A collisions at RHIC • To extract medium effects • Color screening • Dissociation by gluons • Recombination • Color Screening • attraction between QQbar pairs are reduced in QGP. • no-bound or loosely bound (eb⇊) • suppression depends on T(r) and RQQbar Experimental measurement will be important.

  12. J/y Production in A+A 12 R. Rapp et al. arXiv:0807.2470 Eur.Phys.J.C43:91-96,2005 A. Andronic et al. NPA 789 (2007) 334 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y in A+A collisions at RHIC • Dissociation by gluons • Gluo-effect :J/y+gccbar • Quasifree : J/y+gccbar+g • depends on binding energy in the medium ( Color screening). • Recombination • recombination from uncorrelated ccbar pairs. Enhancement of yield. • Negligible at SPS. But not at RHIC. Huge at LHC. • Charm production needs to be understood.

  13. J/y Production in A+A 13 F. Karsch et al., PLB, 637 (2006) 75 Pb-Pb @ 158 GeV Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Back to J/y suppression at SPS • Two scenarios to describe J/y suppression at SPS R. Rapp et al. Phys.Rev.Lett.92:212301,2004. • Dissociation + Recombination • a little recombination contribution • Sequential Melting • Direct J/y unlikely to melt. cc and y’ are screened. Absence associated feed down to J/y.

  14. J/y Production in A+A 14 |y|<0.35 PRL.98, 232301 (2007) PRL 101, 122301 (2008) 1.2<|y|<2.2 PRL.98, 232301 (2007) arXiv:0801.0220 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y suppression at RHIC (RAA) RAA (1.2<|y|<2.2) < RAA (|y|<0.35) ~ RAA at SPS (0<y<1) • Recombination compensates stronger suppression? • Cold matter effects? Stronger at forward rapidity? +Melting of only higher states (+ small fraction of direct J/y)?

  15. J/y Production in A+A 15 PHENIX PRC 77, 024912 (2008) E.G.Ferreiro et al. arXiv:0809.4684 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji First, check CNM effects in A+A • Extrapolation from d+Au collisions PHENIX revisits systematic error evaluation. • Even though error is large, • CNM effect is similar between both rapidities • Extrinsic treatment (g+gJ/y+g) gives stronger CNM at forward. • Stronger suppression than expectations from CNM effect • Need more d+Au data to constraint CNM effects. Details will be talked by Raphaël Granier de Cassagnac (Session 9)

  16. J/y Production in A+A 16 A. Andronic et al. NPA 789 (2007) 334, QM08 X. Zhao, R. Rapp et al. arXiv:0712.2407 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Dissociation + Recombination • Stronger suppression is supplemented by recombination. • ~x50 larger cross section of charm pairs at RHIC than at SPS. • Less recombination at forward rapidity due to smaller cross section of charm at forward rapidity • Need to understand charm production.

  17. J/y Production in A+A 17 F. Karsch et al., PLB, 637 (2006) 75 Hydro + J/y T. Gunji et al. PRC 76:051901,2007 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Sequential Melting • Lattice calculations show TJ/y~2Tc ≫ Tcc~Ty’~1.1Tc. • J/y suppression at SPS: • melting of cc and y’ and associated absence of feed down to J/y • J/y suppression at RHIC can be described by sequential melting. • direct J/y suppression starts around Npart~160 (T ~ 2Tc in hydro). • reflect temperature field of the medium. • Similar suppression at forward. Additional CNM effects at forward?

  18. J/y Production in A+A D. Kharzeev et al. arXiv:0809.2933 dN/dy Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji 18 CGC for J/y Production in A+A CGC (cold matter effect) can describe hadron production in A+A collisions at forward rapidity at RHIC. • Normalization factor is from overall fit to data. • can be fixed using high statistic d+Au data. • Rapidity shape can be described by CGC. • Final state effect is roughly rapidity independent.

  19. J/y Production in A+A 19 M. J. Leitch RHIC&AGS 2008 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji pT dependence of suppression • Combining PHENIX & STAR data reach higher pT. Many effects are here… • Cronin effect • enhance higher pT • (anti-)Shadowing • enhance pT • Recombination • enhance lower pT • Screening & dissociation • suppress lower pT • hot-wind scenario • suppress high pT • RAA for high pT J/y = 0.9  0.2 but consistent with RAA ~ 0.6 (low pT) • Need to have more data to disentangle: • Cronin effect ( Need more d+Au data, First!!) • Hot and dense medium effect. • Feed down from B decay.

  20. J/y Production in A+A 33 20 D. Krieg et al. arXiv:0806.0736 NA50 HP08 PRELIMINARY minimum-bias Rapp & van Hees, PRC 71, 034907 (2005) Run-7 Run-4 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji J/y v2 at RHIC • First J/y flow measurement by PHENIX. • v2 = -10%  10 %  2%  3% (mid-rapidity) • J/’s from recombination should inherit large charm-quark flow. but difficult to see flow of J/y due to large error bars. • Negative to positive v2  Just Mass ordering? Charm collectivity. • Need more data and need to understand with charm quark v2.

  21. Future perspectives 33 21 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji What we will need? • Understand CNM effects. • Shadowing/CGC, Absorption, Cronin effect • More data from d+Au collisions : 2008 d+Au data • Understand recombination contribution • Charm production (vs. y, pT) in p+p/d+Au/A+A • Detector Upgrade: VTX/FVTX (PHENIX), HFT/MRPC/DAQ (STAR) • Other quarkonia (cc, y’ and ϒ family) in A+A • Feed down/sequential melting/screening • Detector Upgrade: NCC (PHENIX) • Of course, high statistics of J/y in A+A • High pT/v2 • Luminosity advance of RHIC, RHIC-2 • LHC!! • Recombination ≫ complete screening for J/y • Measurement of ϒ family with higher statistics. ϒ(2S) vs. J/y

  22. Future perspectives 33 22 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji 2008 d+Au collisions • PHENIX Run8 d+Au ~ 30 x Run3 d+Au 59 nb-1 63 nb-1 57,030 J/   (~73,000 from all data) 4,369 J/  ee (~6,000 from all data)

  23. Future perspective 33 23 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Detector Upgrade • VTX/FVTX/NCC (PHENIX) • HFT/MRPC/DAQ(STAR) • ’ measurement with reduced combinatorial background + sharper mass resolution • C measurement with photon in NCC • precise open-heavy measurements to constrain regeneration picture T. Hallman, QM08 STAR DAQ1000 FEE

  24. Future perspectives 24 33 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Luminosity advance of RHIC, RHIC-2 100,000 J/  250    13,000 J/yee 100 ϒee per year at highest RHIC luminosities (Au+Au, MB) max min #J/ max # x100 J/ &    min A. D. Frawley et al. arXiv:0806.1013 [nucl-ex] M. Blaskiewicz RHIC&AGS Meeting 2008

  25. Summary 33 25 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Summary • J/y Production at RHIC has been measured in p+p, d+Au, A+A collisions at RHIC. • There are many interesting observations. • Similar suppression between at RHIC (y=0) and at SPS • Stronger suppression at forward than at mid-rapidity. • Dissociation+Recombination/Sequential Melting+gluon saturation • Large uncertainty on cold nuclear matter effects prevents a firm conclusion. More d+Au data. • Other observables (pT dist., v2) with high statistics will be helpful. • First, 2008 d+Au data will open the next door. • Stay tuned!! Future will tell us more of J/y story.

  26. Physics Motivation 2 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Back up slides

  27. Physics Motivation 2 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Initial state effect Eskola et al. NPA696 (2001) 729 • Gluon Shadowing • Depletion of Gluon PDF in nuclei • Color Glass Condensate • Gluon saturation from non-linear gluon interactions for the high density at small x • Larger effect for heavier nuclei gluons in Pb / gluons in p Shadowing Anti Shadowing x

  28. Physics Motivation 2 T/TC 1/r [fm-1] (1S) J/(1S) b’(2P) c(1P) ’’(3S) ’(2S) Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Color Screening • Attraction between ccbar pairs is reduced in QGP • T. Matsui and H. Satz (1986) • This leads the suppression of quarkonia yield. • Melting temperatures Potential Model & lattice simulations S. Digal, F. Karsch and H. Satz A.Mocsy HP2008 2 1.2 • Difference in melting temperatures between calculations. • TJ/y ~ 2Tc, Tcc~Ty~1.1Tc • TJ/y ~ 1.2Tc [A. Mocsy et al, PRL 99(2007)211602, HP’08] • Tcc ~ 2Tc [T. Umeda, PRD. 75, 094502 (07)] This is due to Feed down and Different Tmelt • Suppression pattern will tell us: • Achieved temperature of the medium • Spatial distribution of temperature • Feed down fraction. Experiment and Measurement will be important.

  29. Physics Motivation 11 2 J/ψ L Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Cold Matter Effects • Nuclear Absorption • Dissociation of J/y or pre-resonance by spectators. • Cronin effect • Multiple scattering of partons • σabs = 4.18 ± 0.35 mb • at SPS

  30. Physics Motivation 2 _ Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Gluon dissociation • Destruction of J/y by (thermal) gluons • This is next stage J/y suffers after ccbar is bound. • Two processes which depends on ccbar binding energy. [Bhanot+Peskin ’79] [Grandchamp+RR ‘01]

  31. 9 How to distinguish? H. Satz, Hard Probe 2006 • Suppression vs. Enhancement • Overall J/y survival • Suppression vs. Enhancement at high energy densities. • Behavior of pT distribution • Initial state parton scattering vs. final state charm recombination • In case of recombination, J/y pT distribution is convolution of charm quark pT distribution. • Elliptic Flow of J/y • In case of recombination, J/y has large v2 (10%) if charm flows.

  32. Physics Motivation 2 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Centrality dependence

  33. Physics Motivation 2 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Centrality dependence

  34. Physics Motivation 2 Strangeness in Quark Matter 2008: T. Gunji Centrality dependence

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