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Event anisotropy measurement in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC

Event anisotropy measurement in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC ShinIchi Esumi Univ. of Tsukuba Contents flow measurements in PHENIX identified hadron v 2

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Event anisotropy measurement in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC

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  1. Event anisotropy measurement in high-energy • heavy-ion collisions at RHIC • ShinIchi Esumi • Univ. of Tsukuba • Contents • flow measurements in PHENIX • identified hadron v2 • charmed and photon v2 • relation of v2 and jets • azimuthal angle dependent HBT ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  2. Au+Au collisions in sqrt(sNN)=200GeV with Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL PHENIX mid-rapidity hadron/electron/ photon spectrometer Forward-rapidity muon spectrometer ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  3. BBC/ZDC : centrality Dch/PC1,2,3 : tracking Tof : hadron PID Rich : electron PID Emcal : electron/photon PID ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  4. parton hadrons Target Projectile parton Reaction plane Reaction plane b:impact parameter initial geometry final momentum anisotropy A+A p+p Experimentally, the R.P. is defined by the event anisotropy by itself, when one uses participants. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  5. Reaction plane definition y y Reaction plane Reaction plane i 1 2 x x i plane with the directed moment plane with the elliptic moment Σ wi*sin(i) Σ wi*sin(2i) tan(1) = tan(22) = Σ wi*cos(i) Σ wi*cos(2i) (wi: 1 or pT or ET) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  6. reaction plane based analysis (geometrical origin / smeared by resolution) dN / d(-true) = C(1 + S 2vncos(n(-true)))  : azimuthal angle for particles true (or meas.) : true (or measured) reaction plane angle vn’ = <cos(n(f-Fmeas.))> : measured anisotropy parameter vn = <cos(n(f-Ftrue))> = vn’/sR.P.: corrected anisotropy parameter sR.P. = <cos(n(Fmeas.-Ftrue))> : reaction plane resolution pair wise correlation analysis (no resolution / larger non-flow effect) Nreal (Df) / Nmixed(Df) = C(1 + S 2vn2cos(n(D))) Df : fi-fj F(Df) = A exp(-0.5(Df /swidth)2) + B (1+2v22cos(2Df)) Gauss term is to account for some of the non-flow contribution. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  7. dNch/dh -6 -3 0 3 6 h Reaction plane detectors in PHENIX CNT Beam-beam counter (BBC) |h|=3~4 64pmts in each BBC charged particles Muon arm + Silicon multiplicity (MVD) endcap MVD BBC ZDC/ SMD collision point South North beam line Zero Degree Calorimeter Shower-Max Detector Spectator neutron energy Beam position two central arms (CNT) |h|<0.35 Dch,PCs,TOF,EMCAL tracking, momentum, PID ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  8. Beam-Beam counter MIP calibration for each pmt Ring gain correction Average sin/cos shift correction removing 4 special pmts Normalized sumx/y distribution correction Conventional flattering (shifting angle) correction ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  9. collision vertex Measurement with the MVD • The MVD is currently configured as a silicon pad detector covering a 1.8<|h|<2.6 for collisions at z==0. Effective h range (with vertex smearing) is 1.1<|h|<3.3 . • Geometry: Each end (North/South) has 12 wedges. Each wedge has 12 columns of 21 pads. (6048 channels total) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  10. BBC ZDC location in RHIC tunnel South North FHC ZDC – Zero Degree Calorimeter BBC – Beam Beam Counters FHC – Forward Hadron Calorimeter South tunnel SMD ZDC “Beam’s eye” view of ZDC PHENIX here Blue Beam Yellow Beam ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  11. Schematic of ZDC module assy LED flasher 16ch. PMT “M16” Shower Maximum Detector (SMD) Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) WLS fibers “Naked” ZDC module Clear PPMA fibers Scintillator strips Tungsten absorber plates horizontal-strips vertical-strips ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  12. SMD1 (South) SMD2 (North) Y (cm) beam spot distribution X (cm) X (cm) FSMD1 FSMD2 (Y-CY)/sY (X-CX)/sX (X-CX)/sX ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  13. FBBC1-pvs FBBC2 FSMD1-pvs FSMD2 FSMD-pvs FBBC back-to-back back-to-back spectator neutrons vs ps from participants are flowing opposite. directed plane [-p,p] F2BBC1vs F2BBC2 F2MVD1vs F2MVD2 F2BBCvs F2MVD elliptic plane [-p/2,p/2] ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  14. mid-rapidity hadron, electron, and photon spectrometer ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  15. STAR large acceptance hadron tracking chamber secondary vertex ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  16. large acceptance with full tracking reaction plane method 2 particle correlation method 4th order cumulant method ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  17. neutron spectator charged particles (pions) at mid h beam beam line reaction plane pT cut -p 0 p fparticle-FR.P. (rad) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  18. indication of v2 saturation at RHIC energy PHOBOS : nucl-ex/0406021 PHENIX Preliminary ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  19. Thermal model with blast-wave hydro is really good to be truth!! What will happen with resonances? Resonance effects are important in single spectra, but not too much in v2, because of pT shift of heavy particles having smaller v2 and linear pT dependence of v2. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  20. pT shift is the dominant effect compared to the smearing given by the opening angle. Phys.Lett. B597 (2004) 328-332, X. Dong et.al. Phys.Rev. C70 (2004) 024901, V. Greco et.al Pion deviation is explained by resonance decays ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  21. stat. error only sys. error <20% (62GeV) 15% (200GeV) v2 /nquark 62.4 GeV Au+Au: preliminary 200 GeV Au+Au, charged p,K,p : PRL91, 182301 (2003) p0 : preliminary pT /nquark [GeV/c] ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  22. Data prefer “quark coalescence / recombination” based picture rather than “hydro + jet” picture at intermediate pT. quark coalescence QGP hydro + jet recombination + fragmentation ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  23. minimum bias Au+Au at sNN = 200 GeV Almost NO mass ordering PHENIX preliminary Similar effect from the time-difference is seen in v2 quark + hadron flow SPS PHENIX preliminary early freeze-out some remaining mass ordering Tfo ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  24. Hadronic cascade fails in magnitude (too small, it needs a big push from QGP), but it shows clear meson / baryon difference. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  25. hydro + jet recombination + fragmentation Jets dominate the high pT part of spectra. And they (jets) are suppressed. v2 PHENIX STAR ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  26. Converter method Cocktail subtraction method Charm quarks are binary scaled (lower pT) or suppressed (high pT) w.r.t light quarks, but it could be enhanced and suppressed (looked like binary scaled). The v2 of charm would give a hint for the answer to the question. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  27. Converter method PHENIX Preliminary Nuclear modification factor Cocktail subtraction method pT (GeV/c) RAA (2.5<pT<5.0 GeV/c) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  28. nucl-ex/0502009 inclusive e+e- v2 charmed e+e- v2 If charm quarks also flow, charm quarks are thermalized and / or suppressed (interact with matter) similarly to the light quarks. STAR SQM04 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  29. run2 Au+Au ~10 J/y’s in PHENIX central arm (e+e-) run4 Au+Au ~100 times in statistics compared with run2 Single muon and muon pair in PHENIX muon arm … ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  30. Inclusive Single g Run2 AuAu 200 GeV PHENIX Preliminary Direct photons are enhanced w.r.t. p0 production, but it’s just because p0 is suppressed, and the direct photons are in fact binary scaled. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  31. vertical bar : stat. error curves, gray box : sys. error Note : Inclusive photon = including all of the decay effect from hadrons , 200 GeV Au+Au , 200 GeV Au+Au , 200 GeV Au+Au phenix preliminary phenix preliminary phenix preliminary The difference here and the g/p0 ratio will give us a measure of direct g v2. pT [GeV/c] Direct photons should not have any flow by definition, but … Alternatively g/p0 ratio can be measured by assuming v2g=0. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  32. The difference here is given by the real flow (v2). STAR 2 particle correlation (v2 + non-flow) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  33. charged particle v2 STAR : nucl-ex/0409033 non-flow reduced v2{2} v2{RP} v2{RP} v2{2} v2{4} STAR Preliminary If jet suppression ends somewhere, should v2 go to zero? ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  34. PHENIX Preliminary Reac. plane v2 does have less non-flow because of the h gap. Non-flow are removed in 2 part. corr. 2nd cumulant … ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  35. recombination + fragmentation old STAR data semi-old STAR data no jet-quenching ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  36. phenix preliminary }nucl-ex/0305013 Au+Au 200 GeV Au+Au 200 GeV v2 reduction of charged particles in the previous page could be enlarged by the baryon/meson ratio. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  37. hadron-hadron correlation (full pT reference) QM04 1.1 1.0 0.9 Au+Au 200GeV PHENIX preliminary 1<pT(associate)<1.5GeV Another way to get the v2 : (v2)2 is given by the pair correlation harmonic function fixed to the measured v2 harmonic + near-side + Far-side Gauss function fit harmonic + near-side Gauss function fit pure harmonic function fit 1.1 1.0 0.9 2.5<pT(associate)<3GeV Ways to reduce the jet correlation with additional Gauss terms 0. p 0. p 0. p f1-f2 (rad) A{1+2 (v2)2 cos(2Df)} + Gauss term ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  38. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  39. ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  40. 4 < pT(trig.) < 6 GeV/c Is the away-side jet-like? Away-side looks jet like in p+p, but not in central Au+Au. nucl-ex/0404010 0501016 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  41. 0.15<pT(asso.)<4 GeV/c Associated particles pT distributions nucl-ex/0501016 STAR preliminary 4 < pT(trig.) < 6 GeV/c 0.15 < pT(asso.) < 4 GeV/c re-distributed lost energy ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  42. in-plane pair STAR preliminary in between out-of-plane pair 20-60% trigger particle in the selected angular window r.p. track1 - track2| 20-60% Q: Are jets source of v2? Q: Does reaction zone make flowing jets? leading parton hadrons Proof of the jet quenching and the source of v2 at high pT 4 < pT(trig.) < 6 GeV/c 2 GeV/c< pT(asso.) < pT(trig.) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  43. trigger hadron pT>3GeV/c associated hadron pT window QM04 0<pT<1 1<pT<2 2<pT<5 in-plane middle out-of-plane c(Df) [arb. unit] 0-20% Fitted line shape is given by : with fixed (1)v2(trigger) (2)v2(associated) (3)R.P. resolution (4)in/out bin width (nucl-ex/0311007) and one free normalization parameter fit is done in a limited range shown 20-40% 40-90% Au+Au 200GeV PHENIX preliminary hadron-hadron correlation ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  44. trigger hadron pT>3GeV/c associated hadron pT window QM04 0<pT<1 1<pT<2 2<pT<5 c(Df) [arb. unit] 0-20% 20-40% flow subtracted hadron-hadron correlation data 40-90% Au+Au 200GeV PHENIX preliminary hadron-hadron correlation ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  45. associated hadron pT window trigger photon pT>2GeV/c QM04 0<pT<1 1<pT<2 2<pT<5 in-plane middle out-of-plane c(Df) [arb. unit] 0-20% Fitted line shape is given by : with fixed (1)v2(trigger) (2)v2(associated) (3)R.P. resolution (4)in/out bin width (nucl-ex/0311007) and one free normalization parameter fit is done in a limited range shown 20-40% 40-90% Au+Au 200GeV PHENIX preliminary photon-hadron correlation ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  46. associated hadron pT window trigger photon pT>2GeV/c QM04 0<pT<1 1<pT<2 2<pT<5 c(Df) [arb. unit] 0-20% 20-40% flow subtracted photon-hadron correlation data 40-90% Au+Au 200GeV PHENIX preliminary photon-hadron correlation ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  47. flow subtracted pTtrigger(g) > 2GeV/c 1< pTassociated(h) <2GeV/c in-plane pair in between pair out-of-plane pair g - h PHENIX preliminary PHENIX preliminary three curves are fixed by measured v2 and resolution coalescence of jet-fragmentation could be one of the source of v2 flow subtracted pTtrigger(h) > 3GeV/c 1< pTassociated(h) <2GeV/c in-plane pair in between pair out-of-plane pair h - h real/mixed PHENIX preliminary PHENIX preliminary 0 p 0 p Df (rad) Df (rad) ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  48. Out-Of-plane Rside B Rout Reaction Plane A In-plane Au Au • The correction for R.P was applied • Sinyukov’s fit • Fitting by cos and sin function expected tendencies of sin or cos are seen ! ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  49. geo. geo. + time cross term (geo. + time)/geo. • Rs,2/Rs,0, Ro,2/Rs,0 and Ros,2/Rs,0 are larger at mid-central than at central. • Ro,2/Rs,0 , Ros,2/Rs,0 seem to be larger than Rs,2/Rs,0 • Rl,2/Rl,0 and the difference (Ro,2/Rs,0 - Rs,2/Rs,0 ) seem to be possitive? • anisotropy in geometry or (maybe more) in time/expansion ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

  50. Summary quark number scaling in v2 and Rcp quark degree of freedom / partonic flow jet quenching / away side jet suppression binary scaling of direct photon / heavy quark? chemical equilibrium in hadron yield strangeness saturation factor gs ~ 1 thermal equilibrium in momentum spectra large hadronic expansion and cooling ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

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