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ICT THEORY

ICT THEORY. RE- CAP & REVISION (SUMMARY OF THE THEORY HANDOUT). 4 MAIN AREAS. HARDWARE SOFTWARE NETWORKS, CONNECTIVITY, COMMUNICATION & THE INTERNET. USE/MISUSE AND CARE OF COMPUTERS. Hardware. Hardware : is any physical part of a computer or the group of machines!

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ICT THEORY

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  1. ICT THEORY RE- CAP & REVISION (SUMMARY OF THE THEORY HANDOUT)

  2. 4 MAIN AREAS • HARDWARE • SOFTWARE • NETWORKS, CONNECTIVITY, COMMUNICATION & THE INTERNET. • USE/MISUSE AND CARE OF COMPUTERS

  3. Hardware Hardware: is any physical part of a computer or the group of machines! Hardware is made up of: (a) The CPU and Main Memory (b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices (d) Storage Devices 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  4. Remember!!Hardware is made up of:(a) The CPU and Main Memory(b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices (d) Storage Devices (a) CPU & Main Memory • Main Memory: Stores Programmes. • CPU: Controls all operations/jobs. (So it reads data, changes it and produces information for you to use). It is like the Brain of the Computer. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  5. Remember!!Hardware is made up of:(a) The CPU and Main Memory(b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices (d) Storage Devices (b) Input Devices • These Devices read incoming Data and pass it on to the CPU. EG’s: Keyboard, Disk Drive, Scanner, Bar Code Reader, Voice Recognition, and Digital Camera. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  6. Remember!!Hardware is made up of:(a) The CPU and Main Memory(b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices (d) Storage Devices Input Devices 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  7. Mouse Keyboard Bar Code/Wand Reader Point of Sale Terminal Plotter Camera Tape Recorder Voice Data Entry Optical Scanner Magnetic Ink Character Reader Optical Mark Reader Touch Screen Stylus/Light Pen

  8. Remember!!Hardware is made up of:(a) The CPU and Main Memory(b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices(d) Storage Devices (c) Output Devices • these Accept information from the CPU and displays the results for the user. • EG’s : Printer, Monitor. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  9. Remember!!Hardware is made up of:(a) The CPU and Main Memory(b) Input Devices(c) Output Devices(d) Storage Devices Output Devices 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  10. Monitor Flat Screen Monitor Thermal Printer Ink Jet printer Laser Printer Dot Matrix Printer Character Printer Plotter Audio Response Microfilm Reader Speaker Digital Projector

  11. Remember!!Hardware is made up of:(a) The CPU and Main Memory(b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices (d) Storage Devices (d) Storage Devices • Storage Devices: these keep information and instructions in the Computer so that they can be used again. • EG’s: CD’s, Floppy Disks, Hard Drive. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  12. Remember!!Hardware is made up of:(a) The CPU and Main Memory(b) Input Devices (c) Output Devices (d) Storage Devices Storage Devices 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  13. Magnetic Disk Disk Drive Floppy Disk Disk Cartridge Tape Drive CD-ROM WORM CD Erasable CD USB Key USB Cable Hard Disk Memory Board RAM ROM Storage Capacity

  14. Software • Software: Before a computer can actually read data, change it, and produce information for you, it needs a set of instructions. These instructions are in the Software and they help the computer carry out different jobs. • EG’s: There are 3 main areas with Software. • (a)Operating Systems Software (b)Applications/Programme Software. • (c) Compatibility 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE 2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE TYPES COMPATIBILITY

  15. Software Types • Operating Systems Software or OS: This software supervises the overall operations of a computer. • EG’s: IBM use DOS or Disk Operating Software, and Apple, Macintosh, Dell, and Gateway use Windows Operating Software. • Applications Software (Program Software): These are programs that you can simply buy off the shelf from a retailer/shop like PC world. In some cases a company may want to use specific programs, in that case they can get the programme specially designed; • EG’s Schools uses a Facility Programme to keep school records, Accountants use a Payroll Programme to do their accounts. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE 2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE TYPES COMPATIBILITY

  16. Software Programs Operating Systems ICONS

  17. Compatibility • Compatible/incompatible Disks: A Disk that is prepared for one OS may not work on another OS. • For Example: Word Perfect for Windows may not work in Macintosh, you may have to get the Macintosh version. • In this case they are incompatible or, they cannot be used together. If you can use a disk in two different Operating Systems, then they are compatible 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE 2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE TYPES COMPATIBILITY

  18. Networks-Includes Connectivity, Communciation, & Internet • Network: this is the idea that computer resources in an area can be shared by linking them. It is shared by an Integrated Computer System (integrated/interconnected). • For Example: Your computer room in school may have 20 computers but only 1 printer, if for example 10 of these computers can send documents to the 1 printer to print, then they are sharing the resource or sharing the 1 printer. Files can also be shared using a network. A large computer called a server is used to help share files and information on the network for many people to use. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  19. Networks • There are 2 types of Networks: LAN and WAN. • WAN: This network is used to transfer and share information over a great distance, for example, from one country to another country. • LAN: A Local Area Network is used to transfer and share information and resources when computers are close to one another. For Example, in a LAN the network may connect devices within a room or building. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  20. Networks 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  21. Ring Network Star Network Bus Network

  22. Connectivity • Connectivity: Telephone lines move wave signals called analogue signals. However if a Modem (modulator-Demodulator) is used, it can change digital signals (from a computer) into wave/analogue signals so that information can be sent over phone lines. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  23. Communication • Communication: in order for this information to be sent, it needs to go through a suitable communication channel, or a cable. • EG’s:Twisted pair Cable, Coaxial Cable, Fibre Optic 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  24. Internet • The Internet: allows you to connect with 1000’s of Networks worldwide. • For example: you can access thousands of databases including, newspapers, journals, magazines, Universities, government agencies, businesses. • An ISP or and Internet Service Provider will provide the customer with access to the internet, e.g. Eircom or NTL. • ISDN: Some use a dial up connection called an ISDN Line or Integrated Systems Digital Network. Dial up lines are becoming less common, as they are slower. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  25. The Internet • The World Wide Web or WWW helps you to connect with any web page; you can type in an address in the top address bar called the URL or Universal Resource Locator. • HTTP or Hyper Text Transfer Protocol will help you to search in this address bar. HTML or Hyper Text Mark up Language is the Language the internet often uses to carry out commands. • A hyperlink is a blue link that connects you to another page. • A search engine e.g. Google or Yahoo will help you to search for something by typing in words instead of a full address. • Video Conferencing: this allows full motion video and sound to be transmitted over telephone lines. The sound is captured by microphones, it is sent to the listener at a high speed. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  26. Computer Care • Ergonomics: This refers to any Health and Safety issues relating to PC Use. For Example: In your work area: To Reduce Screen Glare, place a screen over your monitor. To reduce sound pollution in your office, place sound absorbing materials on furniture, walls, ceilings and floors. • To prevent discomfort and permanent injury, create an ergonomically designed workstation/Desk Area, for Example: (a) Your arm angle in keyboarding should be 15-30 Degrees below your line of sight (b) The Screen should be 3-4 times brighter than the room, to avoid eye strain. (c) Your forearms should be horizontal, your lower back should have support, you should have an adjustable chair, and your feet should be flat on the floor. (d) You should have a wrist rest to prevent Repetitive Strain Injury. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  27. Computer Care Care of Floppy Diskettes: • Any disk can become ‘corrupt’ and will not work if not looked after properly, so you should always keep a back up, or a second copy of the information somewhere else. • Keep the Disk safe in a box or container. • When writing on the Label, do so, before you place the label on the disk, as it could damage it. 4 MAIN AREAS:-1. HARDWARE2. SOFTWARE 3. NETWORKS 4. COMPUTER CARE

  28. Computers V’s People

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