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A demographic portrait El legado hisp nico D a 32

12/04/2012. SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University. 2. Administracin. No hay nada nuevo.. P9. Las dems lenguas de Espaa. Sullivan (2000). A demographic portrait. In Hispanics in the United States. An agenda for the twenty-first century. Cafferty and Engstrom, eds.. 12/04/2012. SPAN 606 - Har

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A demographic portrait El legado hisp nico D a 32

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    1. A demographic portrait El legado hispánico Día 32 Bilingüismo hispánico SPAN 606 Harry Howard Tulane University

    2. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 2 Administración No hay nada nuevo.

    3. P9 Las demás lenguas de España

    4. Sullivan (2000) A demographic portrait. In Hispanics in the United States. An agenda for the twenty-first century. Cafferty and Engstrom, eds.

    5. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 5 ¿Cuántos hispanos hay en los EEUU? The Hispanic population of the United States comprises more than 29 million people about 11 percent of the national population. It the fastest growing minority group in the United States. during the 1980s it grew by 53 percent, and between 1990 and 1996, by another 27 percent. If Census Bureau projections are correct by 2020 Hispanics will number 52 million persons and 16.3 percent of the population, and by 2050 they will number 97 million persons and constitute 24.5 percent of the United States population.

    6. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 6 ¿Qué significa “Hispanic”? The term Hispanic is used by government agencies and others to describe persons who themselves or whose ancestors were born into a Spanish-speaking community. The statisticians' intention was to develop a nonpejorative term that could include persons born in the United States but descended from Spanish-speaking peoples, as well as immigrants from Spain, Mexico, countries in the Caribbean and Central America, and South America except for Brazil.

    7. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 7 ¿De qué raza son? Because the Hispanic term is rooted in the use of a language rather than in race, persons of Hispanic origin have varied skin color. Some Hispanics consider themselves White, and they may have blue eyes and blonde or red hair. Other Hispanics are descended from ancestors who were brought from Africa as slaves; they are dark-skinned and may identify their race as Black. Still other Hispanics, descended from the original peoples of North and South America, may be brown-skinned.

    8. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 8 ¿Qué idioma hablan? Moreover, although the Hispanic term is based on language use, persons from Spanish-speaking countries may speak other languages instead of or in addition to Spanish. Many immigrants from Central America, for example, speak an Indian language instead of Spanish, but they are still considered Hispanic. Thus, this single term describes a diverse group of individuals.

    9. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 9 ¿Qué otros términos hay? Some Southwestern Hispanics, especially those whose families have lived there since Spanish colonial times, prefer the terms Spanish, Spanish-American, or Hispano. Many persons of Mexican origin prefer the term Mexican-American, and some younger Mexican-Americans prefer the terms Chicano, Xicano, or Mexicano. People who come from other Latin American countries may prefer terms that refer to their country of origin, such as Cuban-American, Cubano, or Dominican. The term Puertorrequeño is sometimes used to refer to persons from Puerto Rico. Finally, some commentators prefer the term Latino to refer generally to persons who are from or descended from peoples in Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas.

    10. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 10 ¿Tienen una identidad étnica? Use of the term Hispanic may create an emergent ethnic identity among persons who might otherwise have thought of themselves as Mexican or Puerto Rican or Cuban. This identity, which is constructed through statistics and official rhetoric, may nevertheless be adopted by persons who bear the label in the general society. A similar process occurred among Italian immigrants in the last century, and it might be happening among Asian-Americans today: persons who had identified themselves by smaller places of origin (nation, province, city) become identified by the larger society in terms of a larger place of origin and thereafter adopt that identity developed by others.

    11. El legado hispánico Duignan & Gann §1 (BB)

    12. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 12 Etapas históricas Colonización Guerra de Independencia, 1810-21 Anexión de territorio mexicano Porfiriato, 1876-1911 Revolución Mexicana, 1910-17 Primera Guerra Mundial, 1914-18 Reforma agraria, 1934-40 (Cárdenas) Gran Depresión, 1929-? Segunda Guerra Mundial, 1939-45

    13. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 13 Una pregunta En 1790, ¿quién tenía una futura más prospera, los EEUU o las colonias españolas?

    14. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 14 1790 EEUU ±4 millones burgués, formado por la clase media protestante Colonias españolas 16 millones señorío [seigniory], de privilegio de casta y dependiente del peonaje (von Humboldt comparaba los indios con los siervos de Alemania)

    15. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 15 México Territorio: de Centroamérica a San Francisco Después de la Independencia, en 30 años, 45 cambios de gobierno La clase gobernante = 10% de la población; la mayoría era indios campesinos Las provincias fronterizas estaban aislados y se comunicaban con el DF, no la unas con las otras

    16. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 16 México (1824) http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_mexico/political_div_1824.jpghttp://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/atlas_mexico/political_div_1824.jpg

    17. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 17 California Muy aislada de la capital no participaba en la guerra de independencia allí es a donde mandaban preso políticos (como Siberia) dejaron de llamarse españoles o mexicanos para llamarse californios En 1836 tomaron control del gobierno provincial territorio dividido en 46 ranchos no había ciudades o clase media

    18. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 18 El Camino Real (California Mission Trail) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real_(California)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real_(California)

    19. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 19 Nuevo México y Arizona Basado en la población indígena (Pueblo) Concentrado en la valle del Río Bravo (Albuquerque, Santa Cruz de la Cañada, Santa Fé) para protegerse de tribus nómadas (apaches y comanches) Economía basada en la oveja churra, más extracción de metales (cobre, oro)

    20. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 20 El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro

    21. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 21 Tejas Expuesto a ataque francés (e infiltración norteamericana) Los tejanos se concentraban en el sur (San Antonio, Goliad, Nacogdoches), para protegerse de los apaches y comanches el interior era ‘tierra despoblada’ Criaban ganado en ranchos

    22. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 22 El Camino Real de los Tejas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_San_Antonio_Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_San_Antonio_Road

    23. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 23 Resumen Una aportación importante granjas de ovejas, ranchos de ganado cultivos mediterráneos extracción de minerales cultura distinta ‘de secano’: la casa e la iglesia de adobe, la caravana de mulas, la carroza de buey, el regadío, el charro (rancho, lasso, bronco, corral, rodeo) Pero, los asentamientos mejicanos en la frontera eran islas tenues, con una población de 60,000 esparcida entre 850,000 millas cuadradas

    24. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 24 Relaciones entre México y los EEUU Al principio, eran muy buenas Los mexicanos agradecían el apoyo moral a la independencia y basaron su constitución en la norteamericana Los sureños admiraban los latifundistas criollas Mercaderes americanos se casaban con familias ‘buenas’ californias Pero las dos sociedades no se conocían bien Pocos mexicanos hablaban inglés; pocos americanos hablaban español Se conocían de encuentros entre fronterizos en comunidades remotas

    25. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 25 Relaciones en la frontera Ambos lados se beneficiaban del comercio Y había cierta admiración En Tejas (y California), empezaron a adoptar costumbres norteamericanas y pedir inmigración norteamericana Pero también había desconfianza El Romanticismo tachaba a los americanos de ‘anglosajones’ como insulto por los males de la Revolución Industrial Los americanos tenían actitudes racistas: los californios eran cobardes, ignorantes, perezosos y adictos al juego y al alcohol

    26. 13/04/2012 SPAN 606 - Harry Howard - Tulane University 26 La guerra Disputa en Tejas entre los recién llegados, que querían mantener sus derechos, y los autóctonos, que querían que los inmigrantes se adaptaran a la ley mexicana.

    27. La próxima clase Lectura sobre la inmigración mexicana Duignan & Gann §2-4 (BB)

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