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The Eight Taxa

The Eight Taxa. pp. 449-61, 67-9, 172. How Do We Classify?. Three methods have been used: Traditional classification – groups based on physical similarities Evolutionary classification – groups based on evolutionary history (sharing common ancestors)

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The Eight Taxa

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  1. The Eight Taxa pp. 449-61, 67-9, 172

  2. How Do We Classify? • Three methods have been used: • Traditional classification – groups based on physical similarities • Evolutionary classification – groups based on evolutionary history (sharing common ancestors) • Molecular classification – groups based on similarities in DNA or RNA

  3. Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropod Crab Crab Limpet Limpet Barnacle Barnacle Molted exoskeleton Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION

  4. Domain … Kingdom … Phylum … Class … Order … Family … Genus (genera) … Species … Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Ursidae Ursus Ursus arctos The Taxonomic Categories

  5. Which is the most inclusive taxon? Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Taxon = each level of organization Which is the least inclusive taxon?

  6. DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA The Three Domains

  7. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya There are two types of cells in this world: PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES The Three Domains

  8. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes • Prokaryotes: • All are unicellular • No membrane-bound organelles • DNA located in the cytoplasm (NO nucleus) • Eukaryotes: • Multicellular or unicellular • Have membrane-bound organelles • DNA located in the nucleus

  9. DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA The Six Kingdoms

  10. The Six Kingdoms DOMAIN BACTERIA: • Kingdom Eubacteria – ex: E.coli DOMAIN ARCHAEA: • Kingdom Archaebacteria – ex: “extreme bacteria” DOMAIN EUKARYA: • Kingdom Protista – ex: Amoeba sp. • Kingdom Fungi – ex: Morel mushrooms • Kingdom Plantae – ex: Pinus ponderosa • Kingdom Animalia – ex: Homo sapiens

  11. Heterotrophs vs. Autotrophs • Autotrophs = organisms that make their own food from sunlight or chemicals • All plants • Some bacteria, some protists (algae) • Heterotrophs = organisms that rely on other organisms for their food supply • All fungi, all animals • Some bacteria, some protists (Amoeba sp.)

  12. Review • What type of classification is based on physical characteristics? • What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? • An organism that makes its own food using sunlight or chemicals is a(n) ________________. • An organism that relies on other organisms for their food source is a(n)________________. • List the eight taxonomic categories, from most inclusive to least inclusive. • Which domain(s) include the prokaryotes? • The six kingdoms are … • The kingdom that only includes eukaryotic autotrophs is …

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