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Introducing Particle Physics

Introducing Particle Physics. Journey into the heart of matter. Topics. Fundamental particle Leptons & quarks Properties Antiparticles Forces in nature Carrier of the forces Properties. So what is particle physics?.

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Introducing Particle Physics

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  1. IntroducingParticlePhysics Journey into the heart of matter Ravjeet Kour

  2. Topics • Fundamental particle • Leptons & quarks • Properties • Antiparticles • Forces in nature • Carrier of the forces • Properties Ravjeet Kour

  3. So what is particle physics? • Everything in the universe is made of Particle of matter: called fundamental Particles • Particle Physics : Study these Particle • Work out how they interact to make the Universe look and behave the way it does Fundamental elements Ravjeet Kour

  4. What is fundamental Ravjeet Kour

  5. Standard model 6 quarks, 6 leptons Every particle is associated with the antiparticle Ravjeet Kour

  6. Anti particles Ravjeet Kour

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  11. Quarks have fractional charge • Each quark has its anti particle • Carry another type of charge: colour charge (P = uud = 2/3+2/3-1/3=1) Ravjeet Kour

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  13. colour charge • Quarks & gluons are colour charge particles • Two close quark exchange gluons colour force field 3 colour charges Ravjeet Kour

  14. Properties • Each quark has one of the colour • Red + blue +green = colour neutral (baryon) • Gluon (emission + absorption) changes colour • Colour is conserved Ravjeet Kour

  15. together What holds it Murray Gell-Mann (b. 1929) Ravjeet Kour

  16. what hold it Together Four fundamental forces • Electromagnetism • Strong • Weak • Gravity Ravjeet Kour

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  18. Electromagnetism • Force between the two charges • unlike charge attract • like charge repel • Carrier particle are photons • Photons has zero mass & travel with speed of light Ravjeet Kour

  19. Strong forces Attractive force between the nucleons This force overcome the repulsive force within an nucleus Hold the quarks together to form hadrons Carrier particles are called Gluons (8 gluons) Ravjeet Kour

  20. Weak forces • Causes massive quarks & leptons to decay into lighter ones • Force carriers are W+,W- & Z • Responsible for flavour change ( when quark or lepton changes type) Ravjeet Kour

  21. Gravity • Acts between all particles with mass • Carrier are the Gravitons ?? Ravjeet Kour

  22. conclusion Ravjeet Kour

  23. Need for accelerators & detectors Ravjeet Kour

  24. Any questions ? Ravjeet Kour

  25. Leptons • Six type which come in three pair • without color • Tau and muon heavier than electron • Spin ½ particles Ravjeet Kour

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  27. Gluons • gluon animation (a). As the quark propagates through nuclear matter, it loses energy by emitting gluons (b) and creating pairs of quarks and anti-quarks (c). As the system begins to return to equilibrium, two-quark systems (pions) are formed Ravjeet Kour

  28. Gluons • Carry colour / anticolour pair • 8 gluons Ravjeet Kour

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