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The Foot and Lower Leg

The Foot and Lower Leg. Foot and Lower Leg. 15% of lower leg injuries involve this area 20,000 ankle sprains a day in the USA The foot absorbs 3x body weight during running and jumping. Basic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle. Three Arches enable us to absorb forces Transverse Arch

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The Foot and Lower Leg

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  1. The Foot and Lower Leg

  2. Foot and Lower Leg • 15% of lower leg injuries involve this area • 20,000 ankle sprains a day in the USA • The foot absorbs 3x body weight during running and jumping.

  3. Basic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle • Three Arches enable us to absorb forces • Transverse Arch • Medial Longitudinal Arch • Lateral Longitudinal Arch

  4. The Three Arches • Transverse Arch • Goes across the width of the foot • Comprised of the cuneiforms (all three), the cuboid, and the base of the fifth metatarsal.

  5. The Three Arches • Medial longitudinal arch- the highest and most important arch in the foot. • Goes the length of the foot on the medial side. • Comprised of the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms and the first three metatarsals.

  6. The Three Arches • Lateral longitudinal arch- the arch next to the medial one that is flatter and lower. • Goes the length of the foot on the lateral side. • Comprised of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, and the forth and fifth metatarsals.

  7. The Foot • The arches maintain the shape of the foot with the help of muscles, ligaments and tendons. • Each foot has 26 bones and 38 joints. • There are 3 segments of the foot • Tarsal bones • Midfoot Region • Phalanges

  8. Joints of the Ankle/Foot • Talocrural Joint-joint in the ankle found between the tibia, fibula, and talus. Dorsi/plantar flexion • Subtalar Joint-joint in the ankle found between the talus and calcaneus.

  9. Ligaments • Medial Side/Eversion Sprain • Deltoid Ligament • Spring Ligament- AKA the Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament.

  10. Ligaments • Lateral Side/Inversion Sprain • ATF-Anterior Talofibular Ligament • CF-Calcaneofibular Ligament • PTF-Posterior Talofibular Ligament

  11. Bones of the Lower Leg • Tibia-medial bone that transmits the weight of the body to the talus. It has the medial malleoli as a landmark. • Fibula-lateral bone that acts as a stabilizer of the ankle joint. It has the lateral malleoli as a landmark. Limited weight bearing

  12. Muscles of the Lower Leg/Foot • Intrinsic Muscles-located within the foot and cause movement of the toes. • Extrinsic Muscles-Located outside the foot, in the lower leg. • Gastrocnemius-Plantar flex foot, supinates foot • Soleus-Plantar flex foot (to isolate flex knee) • Tibialis Anterior- Doriflex foot • Peroneus Longus- Evert foot, plantarflex foot

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