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ESTIMATING METHOD AND USE OF LANDFILL SETTLEMENT by Michael L. Leonard, Sr., P.E., SCS Engineers, Inc. Kenneth J. Floom

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ESTIMATING METHOD AND USE OF LANDFILL SETTLEMENT by Michael L. Leonard, Sr., P.E., SCS Engineers, Inc. Kenneth J. Floom

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    1. ESTIMATING METHOD AND USE OF LANDFILL SETTLEMENT  by Michael L. Leonard, Sr., P.E., SCS Engineers, Inc. Kenneth J. Floom, Jr., P.E., Essentia Management, Inc.

    2. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Permitting New Landfills-Why So Difficult? Stringent Siting Criteria Ever Increasing Land Values Land Use Conflicts Extensive Environmental Studies and Restrictions Vertical or Lateral Expansions—Also Limited

    3. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Airspace As An Asset Requires Diligent Asset Management Loss Can Be Irrecoverable

    4. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Construction Methods Monitoring Airspace Use Settlement Predictions

    5. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Waste Placement Compaction Cover

    6. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Waste Placement Initial Density—Ways to Improve and Monitor Typical Achieved Values Overburden Soil Stockpiles Removal of Soil Cover

    7. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE What Is Density That Matters? Refuse Density, Total Density?? “Landfilling Density”—Defined As Weight of Refuse Divided By Total Air Space Consumed By Refuse, Cover Soil and Other Operations Soil

    8. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Table 1 in Paper-26 Landfills Across US and Canada Initial Refuse Density Typical Range: 900-1200 pcy Initial Total Density Typical Range(includes cover soil): 1100-1300 pcy Initial “Landfilling Density” Typical Range: 350-600 pcy Typical Waste to Cover Soil Volume Ratios of 2:1 to 3:1 Cause The Low “Landfilling” or Effective Density

    9. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Long-Term “Landfilling Density” Typical Range; 800-1500pcy 2.2-2.5 x Initial Landfilling Density Why??

    10. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Waste Settlement Over Time Settlement Mechanisms Mechanical/Primary Compression Biodegradation Physical Creep Compression Physical-Chemical/Corrosion Interaction Consolidation

    11. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE

    12. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Biodegradation Prediction is Key Model ST = O x TR x SF SF = a1/aT; Settlement Factor Where a1 = future gas generation; aT = total gas generation QLFG = 0.029 GLFG(e-kN-e-kt); gas generation

    13. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE

    14. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Physical Creep Compression = Approx. 2% of fill thickness per log cycle of time

    15. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE

    16. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE

    17. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Landfill Surface Generated By Model Is Input To Computer Data Base Siteworks, InRoads, SoftDesk Program Used To Compare to Final Permitted Waste Fill Surface Contours to Estimate Added Airspace Volume

    18. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Application to Actual Landfill Landfill Already at ˝ Capacity Estimated Tonnage Capacity 9,140,500 With Settlement 10,100,000 10 % Increase Extended Remaining Site Life From 10.5 yrs to 11.5 years

    19. INNOVATIVE LANDFILL OPERATIONS/OPTIMIZING AIRSPACE USE Conclusions/Recommendations Use of Heavier Compaction Equipment Maximize Use of Thin Daily Cover/ADCs Apply Overburden via Soil Stockpiles Limit Removal of Moisture by LFG Extraction Add Moisture (as allowed): Liquid or Steam Track and Update Average “Landfilling Density” and Settlement

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