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Workers' Rights and Socialist Movements: Reform and Revolution in the Late 19th Century

Explore the methods of reform, from Trade Unionism to Socialism, in the late 19th century alongside the challenges and benefits faced by the working class. Discover the impact of Socialism in major states like Great Britain, France, Germany, and Russia, leading up to WWI.

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Workers' Rights and Socialist Movements: Reform and Revolution in the Late 19th Century

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  1. Labor, Socialism & Politics to WWI

  2. I. Methods of Reform • Majority of workers in late 19th c. were wage earners. • Most were in unskilled job associated with shipping, transportation & building. • The unskilled working class had 3 choices to change working conditions and assert their rights.

  3. Trade Unionism (syndicalism) a) orig. in France b) federated bodies of industrial workers 1) possess means of _________ 2) control _____________ 3) to do this involved __________, ___________ & ________ (Want job security & wages to keep pace with inflation) c) Benefits: d) Drawbacks:

  4. Democracy & Political Parties a) b) c) d) advocated programs e) organized f) Benefits: g) Drawbacks 3. Revolution

  5. II. Socialist Parties • “Socialism” is a broad a) In 19th c. term used to condemn _______ &___________ b) For Karl Marx – socialism implied the abolition of _______, _______, _______ and ______ as a commodity. c) Since 19th c, socialists have not agreed on a common __________

  6. Marxist socialism aims to _________ capitalist system • Social democracy aims to ________ capitalist system & f) Nationalism? g) Socialist ideology united h) Major issue = __________v________

  7. Karl Marx & the First International a) 1864 – by b) Marx’s position c) British reaction d) French reaction e) Marx followers advocated

  8. III. Socialism in the Major States • Gr. Britain a) Labour Party – founded in 1901 b) membership = c) Taff Vale Case 1) Lawsuit _________vs_________ 2) Why? 3) House of Lords rules in favor of d) opposition to the ruling leads to

  9. Fabian Society • Favored • Wanted collective ownership on municipal level – called • Liberal Party • David Lloyd George • Afraid of losing seats in • Under George, National Insurance Act of 1911 • This meant Britain was

  10. France a) conflict between moderate socialists & Marxists. Why? 1) moderates believed 2) Marxists b) Opportunism • Formed a single party • Became 2nd largest group in Chamber of Deputies c) Confederation General du Travail • embraced • favored

  11. Germany a) German Social Democratic Party (SPD) = conflict b/t b) Bismarck wanted? c) But, socialists won d) Bismarck’s smart move =

  12. Erfurt Program a) adopted by the SPD b) SPD members c) • Revisionism (Eduard Bernstein) a) questioned b) c) d) e)

  13. Russia a) Nicholas II & Sergei Witte b) problems w/ rapid industrialization c) Social Democratic Party had to work d) Social Rev Party & Constitutional Democratic Party

  14. Social Democratic Party 1) 2) 3) Vladimir Lenin 4) Forced split in Social Dem Party a. b.

  15. Rev of 1905 (no single cause or aim  ) 1) Causes • “Bloody Sunday” & Father Gapon • 10 months of disarray (soviets) • Results = Duma

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