html5-img
1 / 18

Russia 1848-1914

Russia 1848-1914. The Bear. Alexander II. Alexander II (1855-1881). I. Perhaps the most liberal ruler prior to 20 th century Russian conditions 90 % Russians lived on farms Serfdom still a problem Uprisings Poor production Serfs bought/sold Serve military 25 yr terms.

tekla
Download Presentation

Russia 1848-1914

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Russia 1848-1914 The Bear

  2. Alexander II

  3. Alexander II(1855-1881) I. • Perhaps the most liberal ruler prior to 20th century • Russian conditions • 90 % Russians lived on farms • Serfdom still a problem • Uprisings • Poor production • Serfs bought/sold • Serve military 25 yr terms

  4. Emancipation Act (Edict) 1861 • Alexander II abolished Serfdom • Most Russians unaffected • Lived in Mirs (highly regulated communes) • Collective ownership • Zemstvos established in 1864 • Local assemblies • Step toward political participation • Lords, however, controlled Zemstvos

  5. Judicial system improved • Censorship relaxed (not removed) • Liberal education programs • Put on Gold Standard • Growth of Industry helped spread popularity of Marxism!

  6. Railroads and Industry • 1860-1880 RR built: 1,250 miles to 15,500 miles • Domestic manufacturing • Suburbs grew around Moscow and St Petersburg • Modern factory workers • Strengthen military: Expansion South & East

  7. Critics of Alexander II’s reign • Alexander became increasingly conservative (realism replaced romanticism) • Radical populist movement advocated utopian agrarian society • Intelligentsia and Nihilism grew • Alexander II assassinated in 1881

  8. Intelligentsia and Nihilism • Intelligentsia • Hostile group of intellectuals • Believed they should take over Russia • Nihilism • Intellectual philosophy • Science only is real • No spiritual ‘meaning’ to life • Said society should be torn down and rebuild

  9. Alexander III

  10. II. Alexander III (1881-1894) • Most reactionary czar of 19th century • Slogan: • Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Russification” • Encouraged anti-Semitism • Pogroms initiated: resulted in persecution of Jews • Zionism was Jewish reaction (Herzel led: Jewish home in Holy Land

  11. Count Witte oversaw Industrialization • Brought West Tech & built factories • Rise in Russian middle class (small #’s) • More railroads (35,000 miles by 1900) • Trans-Siberian Railway biggest rail line • Moscow to Vladivostok (5,000 miles) • By 1900 became 4th in steel industry (US, Germany, Britain, Russia) • ½ World’s petroleum supply

  12. Nicholas II

  13. Nicholas II (1894-1917) III. • Russo-Japanese War (1904-05) • Sphere of influence in Manchuria • Sought Korea • Japan moved to stop Russia expansionism • Japanese defeated Russians • Very Humiliating! • Russia turned away from Asia

  14. Revolution of 1905 • Poor economy • Russo-Jap war hurt • “Bloody Sunday” Jan 1905 • 200,000 worker/peasants march to Winter Palace • Czar not in town • Fires shot; many killed • General Strike and troop mutinies • Czar forced to make concessions

  15. Duma created • Assembly serving as advisory board to Czar • Freedom of speech, assembly, and press • Czar could veto • Revolutionaries politically divided • Unable to agree • Propertied classes benefit at expense of workers

  16. Brief mild economic recovery 1907-1914 • Peter Stolypin make reforms • Agrarian reforms • Broke down collective village ownership • Encouraged enterprising peasants • Post 1911, Nicholas II’s court dominated by Gregorii Rasputin • Caused doubt about Czar’s ability to rule

More Related