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The 1848 Revolutions in Europe: Causes and Consequences

The 1848 Revolutions swept across Europe, sparked by discontent with royal policies and dire economic conditions for the working class. In France, King Louis Philippe abdicated following the June Days Rebellion, leading to the election of Napoleon Bonaparte III as President. In Prussia, Frederick William IV caved to public demands for reforms. However, fragmented revolutionary factions struggled for unity. Austria faced nationalist uprisings ultimately suppressed by conservative forces, while Italy saw short-lived republics formed and later crushed. This period highlighted the tension between liberalism and conservatism in Europe.

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The 1848 Revolutions in Europe: Causes and Consequences

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  1. 1848 Revolutions Across Europe

  2. France • Caused by: • Dislike of king’s policies • Conditions of working class living • Economic crisis • Ruler • King Louis Philipe • Abdicated throne • June Days Rebellion • Put down • Results: • Elected Napoleon Bonaparte III as President

  3. Prussia • Frederick William IV gave in to demands of the crowd for parliamentary elections, a constitution, and freedom of the press • A monarchist constitution was developed and slowly the liberal ideas were replaced with a conservative government once again • The main issue was due to the fact that many of the revolutionaries were not united enough

  4. Austria • Caused by: • Nationalism • Living conditions • Food Shortage • Leader: • Metternich • Dismissed • Constitutions set up and new democracies develop only to be crushed by the remaining Austrian army

  5. Italy • Nationalists wanted to end Hapsburg control • Ousted the Pope in Rome and set up independent republics across Italy • Removing the Pope brought other European troops to the aid of the conservatives • Austrian troops removed the new governments • French troops restored the Pope

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