Hardware Commissioning the LHC

1. Hardware Commissioning the LHC Commissioning the newly installed hardware of the LHC will be a challenging exercise. Why are we so late starting? How much time do we have to get the job done and with what human resources? What are the systems to be tested, and what are the safety concerns? How will Operations group be involved? This presentation attempts to answer these questions and give an overview of the hardware commissioning plan. Acknowledgments: R.Saban, M.Lamont, R.Bailey, M.Lamm, HWCWG

2. Contents • Hardware installation delays • Compressed schedule • Human Resources • Getting started • Operations group role • Controls infrastructure • Safety during tests • Sector test with beam • Final cold check-out

3. Hardware Installation Delays • Primary delay: • Cryogenics distribution line (QRL) • Vacuum shielded pipe. • Distribution of liquid Helium to magnets. • Problems with support tables, vacuum leaks. • Required review of industrial production and repair program for modules which had already been delivered. • Resulting 1.5 year delay on installation.

4. The QRL line in the tunnel • QRL situated between the magnets and the tunnel wall. • Unable to install magnets until the operational QRL in place.

5. LHC dipoles waiting for installation In Winter…

6. LHC dipoles waiting for installation • …and in Summer

7. First LHC dipole, descends into tunnel 7th March 2005

8. First LHC dipole, final alignment 18 Dipoles now installed in the tunnel, sector 8-1 ~150 dipoles per sector 1 sector = 1/8 LHC ring

9. Compressed schedule • The LHC project is committed to achieve colliding beams in the LHC in the Summer of 2007. • Installation of hardware in the tunnel now ongoing. • Tests of main sub systems and infrastructure in the tunnel before Hardware Commissioning (HWC) proper can begin. • Cryogenics, QRL, Power Supplies, etc. • Initial HWC tests beginning in Fall 2005. • Complete installation of first two sectors (1/4 LHC ring). • Hardware commissioning proper will begin in June 2006. • 13 months period to complete the bulk of the commissioning work.

10. The resulting schedule planning

11. Basic Assumptions (for planning schedule) • The LHC ring is divided into 8 sectors. • Commission two sectors at a time centred on an even point. • Two commissioning fronts (teams) per sector. • Five-day working weeks. • Two shifts during powering tests.

12. Basic work plan Commission two sectors at a time around an even point Sector 5-4 Sector 4-3 Sector 6-5 LHC sectors Sector 3-2 Sector 7-6 Sector 2-1 Sector 7-8 Sector 8-1

13. warm tests cool down powering tests cool down powering tests warm tests cool down powering tests warm tests warm tests Basic work plan • Commission 8 LHC sectors in 13 months. • Divided into 4 stages. 2.5 months cool down powering tests 13 months

14. About 150 people involved. of which about 50 missing. Possible sources: national institutes but also recruitment. 22 people in the field per sector, at a given time. Engineers and technicians cryogenics quench protection interlocks coordination & operation controls In some cases experience is a prerequisite. Training of new human resources for commissioning will be critical. Human resources

15. Primary objectives of HWC • Cool down. • Qualification of cryogenic system. • Safe powering of superconducting circuits to nominal current levels. • Qualification of electrical circuits. • Operate magnets for several hours at nominal field to demonstrate reliability of powering system. • Validate communication between key LHC protection systems. • Powering interlock, Beam dump system, Quench protection system, Machine protection system.

16. Getting started LHC Sector 7-8 Sector 8-1

17. LHC Sectors 7-8 and 8-1 field control room minor control centres arc and even matching section inner triplets and odd matching section ~210 cold circuits 190 orbit corrector circuits ~10 warm circuits warm magnets

18. Inner Triplet L8 with a Separation Dipole Part of the Matching Section L8 with a Separation Dipole Program for 2005:Straight section Left of point 8

19. Inner Triplet Quadrupoles

20. Key Dates, LSS L8 tests • Power Supply short circuit tests • QRL sub-sector cold test • Cool Down sub-sector • Magnet power tests • In parallel with these tests, QRL tests of whole sector 1 July 2005 23 August 2005 14 November 2005 12 December 2005

21. Operations group role • 2006 very busy year for Operations. • Restart CERN accelerator complex after an 18 month shutdown. • From new CCC control room. • Commission CNGS experiment. • Implies high intensity proton operation. • Continued workload at magnet test facility. • And still find time for… Heavy Operations commitment to HWC.

22. Operations group role • Important for Operations group to be involved with HWC from the beginning. • Understand behavior of superconducting magnets in their final configuration. • Prepare the ground for the sector test with beam. • Ensure we have the right software tools to control the LHC later from the CCC. • Get to know this new and complex machine!

23. Controls Infrastructure The field control rooms

24. cryogenics powering tests interlocks post-mortem The Field Control Room UA 83 – Left of Point 8 DFBs field control room Energy Extraction Systems Power Converters + wi-fi coverage of the UA + wi-fi coverage of the tunnel + printer + desks + meeting table + lockable closets + social corner + coffee machine + water fountain

25. High Level Software • User friendly and well integrated application suite. • Automated test procedures for Power Interlock Controller, Quench Protection System, Power Converters, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). • Post mortem recording and analysis. • Tools to aid the interpretation of the test results. • Some tools already available from magnet test facility (such as automatic quench analysis).

26. Safety during tests • Working 100m underground in field control rooms. • Large volume of Helium in the LHC magnets (85 ton total), ODH. • Work in close proximity to high voltage electrical equipment. • Control of tunnel access during power tests. • RF cavities generating X-rays during conditioning at high field gradients. • Designation of radiation controlled zones after sector test with beam. • Training required for all personnel working underground on these safety issues.

27. The sector test with beam, December 2006

28. Sector test with beam • Rigorous check of ongoing installation and hardware commissioning. • Pre-commission essential acquisition and correction procedures. • Commission injection system: • Beam Loss Monitor system • Trajectory acquisition and correction. • Linear optics checks: • Mechanical aperture. • Field quality. • Test the controls software & correction procedures • Hardware exposure to beam will allow first reality checks of assumptions on quench limits. • Controlled from the CCC.

29. Final cold check-out • Following Hardware Commissioning, before first LHC beam operation. • Move from field control rooms to the CCC (CERN Control Centre). • Carried out by Operations group, with the help of equipment groups and HWC team. • Simultaneous functioning of the various LHC subsystems in their final configuration. • Drive each system in a synchronized way through the complete operational sequence. • Duration: approximately 1 month

30. Conclusions • The LHC will be a large and complex machine to hardware commission. • Very tight schedule (13 months for whole machine). • Large human resource needs for parallel work-fronts. • Extra human resources still need to be found and trained. • Initiate tests in the straight section left of point 8 this year. • Complete sectors left and right of point 8 in 2006. • Make sector test with beam in December 2006. • Commission the remaining 6 sectors, 2 at a time. • Final cold-checkout of the whole machine from the CERN Control Centre in July 2007.