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The Road to War: Key Battles and Strategies in the American Revolution

This overview explores the pivotal moments and strategies that marked the American Revolutionary War. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of both British and American forces, including the Siege of Boston, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and major campaigns such as Trenton and Saratoga. Key figures like George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and Marquis de Lafayette are highlighted, revealing their roles in turning the tide against British forces. The impact of foreign alliances, guerrilla warfare tactics, and the final surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown are also addressed, illustrating the complexity of fighting for independence.

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The Road to War: Key Battles and Strategies in the American Revolution

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  1. “The Road To War”

  2. MIDDLE COLONIES

  3. 4 - Fighting for Independence • British & American Strengths and Weaknesses • Siege of Boston • Bunker Hill • “The Road to WAR”

  4. + NAVY (LARGE) FACTORIES ENGINEERS NONCOMMISSION OFFICERS CENTRAL GOV’T WEALTH SUPPORT at Home - SHORT TROOPS (MERCENARIES) -Hessians 3,000 M ILES UNFAMILIAR GROUND SMOOTHBORE WEAPONS BRITISH

  5. + Idealistic “Cause” Familiar Ground Warfare Tactics Rifles - NO Navy NO Organized Military NO Central Gov’t NO Finances AMERICANS

  6. May 1775- 2nd Continental Cong. • June (Washington - Commander) • Ethan Allen/Green Mtn. Boys • Fort Ticonderoga Henry Knox (cannons-Ticonderoga) • “`Battle of Bunker Hill” (Breed’s Hill) • John Burgoyne • Henry Clinton • William Howe (Redcoats)

  7. Benedict Arnold (Quebec) • British Refuse “Peace” Petition • Olive Branch Petition • Thomas Paine - Common Sense • Patriots DeclareIndependence

  8. Loyalists v. PATRIOTS • Tories (Reasons ) • Pacifists (Quakers ) • Self-Interest (Wealth & positions) • presence of British Troops • Loyalists Leave / Overestimated

  9. NEW YORK: Aug. 22,1776 Landings Washington 20,000 many untrained Howe 32,000 (8,000 Hessians) - Long Island -White Plains -Retreats into New Jersey • TRENTON 12/24/76 “Delaware River” 1,400 Hessians captured (5 casualties) • PRINCETON 1/3/77 • “Patriot Moral Victories”

  10. SARATOGA

  11. Capture of Philadelphia &“Valley Forge Winter”

  12. Gen. Burgoyne marches from Canada toward Albany 7,000 troops • takes Fort Ticonderoga -looses Hessian troops at the “Battle of Bennington” • Burgoyne’s troops “harrassed” all along the way • Battle of SARATOGA • Oct. 17,1777 surrenders to Gen. Horatio Gates(Turning Point) • - Feb. 1778 France recognizes U.S. - 1779 Spain / 1780 Netherlands

  13. Aug. 25, 1776 Howe - Philadelphia • -Sept. Brandywine to stop British -Sept. 25 Philadelphia “British” -Oct. 4 Germantown • Monmouth- • “Valley Forge” -11,000 troops, little supplies • Friedrich von Steuben (Prussian) train american troops • Casimir Pulaski (Polish) Cavalry Unit

  14. NORTHWEST TERRITORY

  15. 1778 - George Rogers Clark and his Virginia Volunteers travel Ohio River capture British Forts at: • at Vincennes • NOW they will claim the whole NORTHWEST TERRITORY

  16. “WAR IN THE SOUTH”

  17. Fall 1778 British take Savannah • May 1780 Cornwallis/ Clinton take Charles Town (Capture 5,500 rebels) • Camden smashes American forces • “Guerrilla warfare” of rebels like: Francis Marion(swamp fox), Andrew Pickens and Thomas Sumter (slow down & buy time for help) • Kings Mtn (Bunker Hill in reverse) • Cowpens(Nathaniel Greene) • Guilford Court Cornwallis to Virginia (move to VA. - new troops & supplies)

  18. YORKTOWN &“FINAL VICTORY”

  19. By 1780, French had joined the war • Marquis de Lafayette “idea” -Combine armies & attack Cornwallis before he can be re-supplied • French Fleet attacks “Chesapeake Bay” (Cut-off British Army) • 8,000 French / 9,000 American troops • Oct. 19, 1781 Cornwallis Surrenders • YORKTOWN - • War is OVER

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