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Prejudice

Prejudice. Basics. What is prejudice? Prej vs. stereotypes vs. discrimination Does it have to be negative? Does it have to be held by high status group? Is it implicit or explicit or both? (IAT?) How can it be measured?. What causes prejudice?. Dual process models (Devine, 1989 )

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Prejudice

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  1. Prejudice

  2. Basics • What is prejudice? Prej vs. stereotypes vs. discrimination • Does it have to be negative? • Does it have to be held by high status group? • Is it implicit or explicit or both? (IAT?) • How can it be measured?

  3. What causes prejudice? • Dual process models (Devine, 1989) • Modern vs. aversive racism • Motivational approaches • Cognitive approaches • Evolutionary approaches • Individual difference approaches • Automaticity

  4. Effects on those stigmatized • Stereotype threat (Steele, Aronson, others) • System justification (Jost, others)

  5. Intergroup relations • How is this similar and different from research on prejudice?

  6. Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner) • Vs. self-categorization theory • What does the theory suggest? • Minimal group paradigm (Tajfel, 1970) • What are our social identities? What determines what is salient? • What do these social identities do for us? • How can we deal with a negative social identity? What determines choice? • Brewer’s Optimal Distinctiveness Theory

  7. Threat theories • Realistic group conflict theory (Sherif, 1966) • Robber’s Cave study • Integrated threat theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000) • Realistic threats • Symbolic threats • Intergroup anxiety • Negative stereotypes • Intergroup emotions theory (Smith, 1993) • Fear, disgust, contempt, anger, jealousy • Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2008: status and competition (competence and warmth)

  8. JSM Model (Crandall & Eshleman, 2003) • What is their view of prejudice? • What is “genuine prejudice”? Is it an implicit attitude? • What is new in this model? • Is this a Freudian theory? • What factors lead to GP? • Do we know what our real levels of GP are? • What is the role/effect of education? Group affiliation? • Is there a prejudiced person, or many prejudices? • What are the implications for prejudice reduction?

  9. Suppression • How can you test for suppression? • What are sources of suppression? • What makes it harder? • How can we make it easier?

  10. Justifications • What are they? • Examples • Status quo • Social hierarchy • Attributions • Covering • Beliefs • Intergroup processes • What is the difference between justification and suppression? Table 1

  11. Integrated Model of Prejudice (Dovidio & Gaertner, 1998) • Research by Nail and Harton • Liberals vs. conservatives • Modern vs. Aversive racism • How does this fit in with aversive racism article and JSM?

  12. Penner, Dovidio, West, Gaertner, Albrecht, Dailey, & Markova, 2010 • What was the purpose of the study? • What is aversive racism? • Any surprising findings? • Main findings? • Implications?

  13. Evolutionary approach (Schaller & Neuberg, 2013) • How should people approach evolutionary hypotheses? • What is the function of prejudice, according to these authors? • Why do we automatically distinguish in and out groups? • For whom and when should it be higher? • Do we use the same cues for threat as in our Pleistocene past? • What effects does the threat have on us? • Why should we fear outsiders?

  14. From Neuberg & Cottrell, 2006

  15. What types of evidence do they provide? • Why should the moderators involved have an effect? • How does being a minority vs. majority (framing) affect threat responses? • Should it be stronger for men or women? • PriyankaJoshi thesis

  16. Disease • What is the “behavioral immune system”? • Tom Dirth thesis • Neal Pollack thesis • Sample studies • Faces • Ageism • Physical disability • Fat • Foreigners • Gay men • Moderators

  17. Overall • What does the evolutionary approach add? • How do they reconcile this approach with RWA/SDO? • What are the implications of this approach for prejudice reduction? • So if there were no more disease or crime, would everything be hunky-dorey?

  18. Contact • Contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) • Need what? • How likely/common are these conditions? • When is contact bad? • Decategorization vs. recat vs. mutual differentiation vs. nested or cross-cutting identities—what should be our goal? • Common in-group identity model (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000)

  19. How can it be reduced? (other ways) • Perspective taking (Todd) • Make people aware of biases • Contact • Motivation to suppress prejudice (Devine and others)

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