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The New Deal

This article explores the New Deal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's comprehensive set of government programs aimed at relieving the Great Depression, promoting economic recovery, and implementing reforms to prevent future crises. It discusses key initiatives like the Bank Holiday, CCC, AAA, TVA, and Social Security, as well as FDR's controversial attempt to pack the Supreme Court. The pros and cons of the New Deal are also analyzed.

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The New Deal

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  1. The New Deal US HistoryMcIntyre

  2. The “Old Deal” What? • President Hoover’s reaction to the Great Depression President Herbert Hoover

  3. The “Old Deal” What did he want to do? • Let the business cycle take care of things • Refused to create government programs until it was too late Children in one of the Bonus Army Camps

  4. The Bonus Army 1932 • 25,000 WWI veterans Who? What? • Marched to Washington D.C. to get a $ bonus they were supposed to get in 1945

  5. The Bonus Army 1932 • Called out the troops and dispersed the army What did Hoover do?

  6. The Election of 1932 What? • Roosevelt offers a “New Deal” for America • Roosevelt wins with 60% of the vote

  7. Thinking slide: Was Hoover a bad president or was he in the wrong place at the wrong time?

  8. Roosevelt’s New Deal What? • Programs meant to help the country by getting the government involved in the economy Meant to do 3 things 1. Relief - help people out in the short term 2. Recovery - get the economy back on its feet 3. Reform - keep this from everyhappening again

  9. Bank Holiday - First Step Why? • Many banks had failed, wiping out families’ savings • People lost confidence in the banks Depositors Congregate Outside Closed Bank

  10. Bank Holiday - First Step How? • Closed banks for four days to reorganize • President explains in a “fireside chat” • Confidence restored

  11. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • In the first 100 days of his administration Roosevelt passes tons of legislation Hundred Days Alphabet Soup • The agencies he creates (like AAA)

  12. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • 18-25 year old guys get jobs and send money home to their families CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps CCC workers in Lassen National Forest, California

  13. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • Government pays farmers not to farm AAA - Agricultural Adjustment Administration • Meant to cause prices to rise and halt overproduction

  14. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • Government runs a hydroelectric power plant TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority • Provides cheap power & fertilizer to the poor region Construction at Norris Dam, which was being built by the TVA on the Clinch River in Northeastern Tennessee

  15. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • Insurance for the $ you put in banks FDIC - Federal Department Insurance Corp. • Protected people’s savings Bank Employee Checks Depositor's Account

  16. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • Watchdog agency for the stock market SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission New York Stock Exchange

  17. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • Gave direct relief ($) to those who needed it FERA - Federal Emergency Relief Admin. • Beginnings of a welfare program

  18. Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” • Taxed people working now to give payments to the elderly Social Security Social Security Information Poster

  19. Thinking Slide: Which program was most controversial and why?

  20. His Greatest Mistake Packing the Supreme Court What? • Increase the # of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 15 Why? • Kept declaring his programs unconstitutional (including NRA, AAA, SEC, etc.)

  21. His Greatest Mistake Packing the Supreme Court What did this cartoonist think about the Supreme Court? February, 1937, Richmond (Virginia) Times Dispatch, "Fall In!"

  22. His Greatest Mistake Packing the Supreme Court Results? • Public grew angry (FDR taking too much power) • FDR passed much less legislation after this Supreme Court Exterior

  23. The New Deal - Pros and Cons Pros • Restored optimism and hope to Americans • Provided necessary relief to many Cons • Did not really fix the depression • Left the nation with much debt • Left people too dependent on government (?)

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