Language Development

1. Language Development By: Adam and Andrew Gubler

2. 6 Stages of Language development • Pre-linguistic Stage(0-10 months) • One Word Sentence Stage(10-18 months) • Two Word Sentence Stage(18-24 months) • Multiple Word Sentence Stage(2-3 years old) • More Complex Grammatical Structure(3-5 years) • Adult-like Language Structure(6 years+)

3. Pre-linguistic Stage • The child needs to hear the language to be able to learn the language. • By 6 months the baby can tell if someone is speaking a foreign language or the native language of the baby • The baby understands rhythm, syllables, sounds, and cadence of spoken words

4. One Word Sentence Stage • By 10 months the child understands around 10 words • Fis phenomenon occurs • Overextension • Under-extension • Learn about 2 words per week • Understand 10 times more than they can speak

5. Two Word Sentence Stage • Naming Explosion happens • Learn 50-100 words per month • Cultural Differences • North America concentrates on nouns • East Asia concentrates on human interaction • Start to learn grammar

6. Multiple Word Sentence Stage • By 2 years old the child knows about 500 words • Continue learning grammar and words, start to learn more verbs

7. More Complex Grammatical Structure • By 3 the child uses correct word order • use plurals, tenses, and articles(ex. the, a) correctly • Grammar correlates with the size of the child’s vocabulary • Grammar also helps the child understand what people are saying better

8. Adult-like Language Structure • By 6, the child knows 10,000 words • Fast-mapping • Learn 20 words per day • More flexible and logical use of grammar and vocabulary • Can use and understand metaphors • Learn formal and informal codes

9. Hypotheses About Language Development in Children • Infants need to be taught(B.F. Skinner) • Infants teach themselves(Noam Chomsky) • Social impulses foster infant language learning

10. Infants Need to Be Taught • Language learned step by step through association and reinforcement • Parents are expert teachers • Learn through frequent repetition • Well taught children will be well spoken children • If you want children to speak, understand, and read well, you need to talk to them

11. Infants Teach Themselves • Language learning is innate • Language cannot be learned step by step • “Universal Grammar” • The mind is ready to learn whatever language is offered • The caregiver is a nutrient to learning a language but not the “trigger”

12. Social Impulses Foster Infant Language Learning • People are social so the child will try to communicate any way it can • Children like the attention from trying to speak • Learn more through the emotional message, rather than the words used • Learn better through personal contact than through video

13. Bilingualism • Children under 6 keep languages distinct but have the same activation site on the brain • In adults, languages usually have different activation sites • Pronunciation errors do not slow down learning in children • Children under 6 learn mostly just by listening to language • In middle childhood, learn by listening and also are assisted by instruction in language • Languages are best learned when connected with the culture • After puberty, learning a new language becomes more difficult • To learn a new language you need 3 thing • To practice speaking the language • Internal motivation to learn the language • A reason the language is needed

14. Work Cited • Webspace.ship.edu • Psychology/ss/early-childhood-development_4.html • www.learninginfo.org • Invitation to the Life Span by: Kathleen Stassen Berger • cafemom.com • mercer.edu • http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Xu-Ti4TrnEE/UGqlXiPci8I/AAAAAAAAAEU/YgKjPf50_Co/s1600/364843-5479-13.jpg • childrenschoice.com