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Water Cycle. Formulation of the hydrological cycle Equations of Hydrology Observations. Formulation of the hydrological cycle. Global water content 13.1x10 15 kg (~2.5cm) Annual mean precipitation ~1m Overturning ~40 times/year (9 days) . Equations of Hydrology. S=P-E-R 0 -R u
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Water Cycle Formulation of the hydrological cycle Equations of Hydrology Observations
Global water content 13.1x1015kg (~2.5cm) Annual mean precipitation ~1m Overturning ~40 times/year (9 days)
Equations of Hydrology S=P-E-R0-Ru S- rate of storage of water P- precipitation rate (liquid and solid phase) E- evaporation rate R0- surface runoff Ru-subterranean runoff -time-averaging, -space-averaging For large areas is small, thus accurately measured semiempiric estimates measured
Balance Equations for Water Wapor -amount of precipitable water [g/m2] -equation for the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle -areal runoff, couples land and atmospheric branches, thus Globally E=P -transport trough one parallel -vertical transport
Water Wapor in the Atmosphere(Vertical patterns) More than 50 percent of the water vapor is below 850mb (90 percent below 500mb)
NH: Summer-Winter 1.2cm water SH: Summer-Winter 0.7cm water Global mean water content 2.5cm