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Human Body Systems Simplified: Respiratory, Skeletal, and Muscular System Functions

Explore the functions of the respiratory, skeletal, and muscular systems in the human body. Learn about how the respiratory system supplies oxygen, the skeletal system supports movement, and the muscular system allows various types of movements to occur.

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Human Body Systems Simplified: Respiratory, Skeletal, and Muscular System Functions

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  1. Body systems revision Year 10 sport science

  2. Respiratory system • Allows air to travel to our lungs from body • FUNCTION • Supplies oxygen to all parts of the body • Consists of: • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Lungs • Bronchus • Bronchiole • Alveoli • Diaphragm

  3. Respiratory system

  4. Respiratory system • Inspiration and Expiration • Inspiration • Contraction of intercostal muscles • Diaphragm contracts downwards • Increase size of thoracic cavity and lung space • Air pressure in lungs decreased • Expiration • Intercostals and diaphragm relax • Space inside lungs decreases • Air pressure in lungs increased

  5. Respiratory system • Tidal Volume - amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath (600mL male) • Minute ventilation – volume of air moved into and out of respiratory tract each minute • Minute ventilation (VE) = respiratory rate × tidal volume • At rest, minute ventilation = 12 × 0.5 L = 6.0 L/min

  6. Skeletal system • Bone structure of body • FUNCTION • Movement of body • Support • Two sections: • Axial skeleton- bones of skull, spine, thorax • Appendicular skeleton- bones of upper and lower extremities

  7. Skeletal system • TYPES OF BONES • Long bones (eg. Femur) • Short bones (eg. Tarsals) • Flat bones (eg. Sternum) • Irregular bones (eg. Vertebrae) • Sesamoid bones (eg. Patella) • Sutural bones (eg. Skull)

  8. Skeletal system • TYPES OF JOINTS • Gliding Joint • Ball and Socket Joint • Pivot Joint • Hinge Joint • Saddle Joint • Condyloid Joint

  9. Muscular system • FUNCTION • Allow movement to occur • TYPES OF MUSCLES • Smooth- involuntary (eg. Stomach) • Skeletal- voluntary (eg. Quadricep) • Cardiac- involuntary (eg. Heart)

  10. Muscular system • Types of movement • Flexion- shortening of muscle • Extension- lengthening of muscle • Abduction- movement away from body • Adduction- movement towards body

  11. Muscular system • Supination- outward action of hand • Pronation- inward action of hand • Eversion- outward action of foot • Inversion- inward action of foot • Dorsi flexion- upward action of foot • Plantar flexion- downward action of foot

  12. Circulatory system • Transportation of blood throughout the body • Removal of waste products • Consists of: • Heart - (ventricles, atrium, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein) • Blood - (RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma) • Blood vessels - (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)

  13. Circulatory system

  14. Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Left ventricle → Aorta → Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins → Vena cava

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