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Alcohol

Alcohol. Jennifer O’Neal Maya Brown Dallas Hall Katie Landers. Basic Structure. Primary Alcohol Secondary Alcohol Tertiary Alcohol General Structure : R-O-H The R in the General structure stands for the hydrocarbon fragments or alkyl groups. Characteristics.

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Alcohol

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  1. Alcohol Jennifer O’Neal Maya Brown Dallas Hall Katie Landers

  2. Basic Structure • Primary Alcohol • Secondary Alcohol • Tertiary Alcohol • General Structure: R-O-H • The R in the General structure stands for the hydrocarbon fragments or alkyl groups.

  3. Characteristics • Compound in which the hydro oxygen group, (-OH), is attached to a saturated carbon atom R3COH (Alkanes) • Characterized by –OH group • Hydrogen bonds form between the molecules

  4. Characteristics • Compounds without a Carbonyl group or Nitrogen group-Alcohols (1o, 2o, 3o)R-OH • C-O compounds: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group and have the general formula R-OH where R could be any organic group.

  5. Nomenclature • Rules for naming alcohol • Select the longest chain of carbon atoms containing in the –OH group • The preceding number is the number carbon atom which has the OH molecule under it (if it’s 1, no prefix) • Replace the e with ol

  6. Example 1 • CH3 OH = methane • One carbon=no prefix • Replace the e with ol • Methanol

  7. Example 2 • CH3 CH CH2 CH3 =butane • l • OH • The OH molecule is under the second carbon atom=preceding number=2 • Replace the e with ol • 2-butanol

  8. Example 3 • CH3 CHCH2 CH2 CH3=2-pentane • l • OH • OH molecule is under the second carbon atom=preceding number=2 • Replace the e with ol • 2-pentanol

  9. Mechanisms • The production of methanol, from synthesis gas, is prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (catalyzed by a ZnO/Cr2O3 mixture). • CO + 2 H2 400°C ZnO/Cr2O3 CH3OH • C O +2 H H400°C ZnO/Cr2O3 • Carbon monoxide+ Hydrogen = Methanol

  10. Mechanisms (cont…) • The ethanol used in the production of alcoholic beverages is produced by the fermentation of the sugar glucose in corn, barley, grapes, etc. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes found in yeast. • C6H12O6Yeast 2 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2 • Glucose Ethanol • GlucoseYeast 2 Ethanol +2

  11. Mechanisms (cont…) • Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene and the ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol. This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. •  C2H4O + H2O C2H6O2 • Ethylene + Water Ethylene glycol • Molecular structure of ethylene glycol: • + • Ethylene +Water = Ethylene glycol

  12. Examples • Methanol (CH3 OH) (used in adhesives, fibers, plastics, and motor fuel) • Ethanol (CH3 CH2 OH) (used in antifreeze) • 1-propanol (used in rubbing alcohol) • Phenol (OH) (the simplest form of alcohol) • Ethylene glycol (a toxic substance that is a major content of antifreeze)

  13. Real World Importance-Methanol • Methanol is used as a starting material for the synthesis of acetic acid and many types of adhesives, fibers, and plastics. • Useful in racing cars because of its resistance to knocking. • For regular cars, it produces less carbon monoxide (toxic gas) in the exhaust than does gasoline.

  14. Why is methanol important? • If we used methanol as motor fuel, there would be less toxic gas in the air. • If we had less toxic gas in the air, the better we could preserve the environment.

  15. What would life be like without methanol? • Without methanol, we wouldn’t have NASCAR, adhesives, fibers, or plastic. • There would be more carbon monoxide in the environment

  16. Multiple Choice Questions • How do you classify this alcohol? • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary • None of the above • What is the proper name for the common alcohol CH3CH2CH2OH? • Propane • Propanole • Propanel • Propanol 1) B 2) D

  17. Multiple Choice Questions • What is the MOST important thing about methanol? • It is used for racing cars • It produces less carbon monoxide • It’s a starting materical for adhesives, fibers and plastics • None of the above B

  18. Multiple Choice Questions • Which alcohol is used in the production of alcoholic beverages? • Ethylene glycol • Ethanol • Methanol • All of the above. • What substance is added to ethylene to produce ethylene glycol? • Glucose • Methanol • Water • Carbon Monoxide B,C

  19. Work Cited • classweb.gmu.edu/jschorni/chem315/organicqualanalysis.ppt • www.ece.tamu.edu/GSP_08/GSP_08_mol_bio.ppt • http://www.learnchem.net/orgo/alco_nom.shtml • Zumdahl, Steven S., Susan L. Zumdahl, and Donald J. DeCoste. "Organic Chemistry." World of Chemistry. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. 7 May 2012. 728-731. Print.

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