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Essential Systems Engineering Tools for Effective Design and Management

This chapter provides an overview of critical systems engineering (SE) tools necessary for the design process. Key tools include the Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), which offer hierarchical frameworks for organizing hardware and software products. Trade studies help evaluate alternatives based on defined criteria and weight factors. Additional concepts include Interface Control Documents (ICDs), mass and power budgets, failure mode analysis, and Gantt charts for task scheduling. The Systems Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) integrates these elements for successful project execution.

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Essential Systems Engineering Tools for Effective Design and Management

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    1. Systems Engineering (SE) Tools

    2. SE Tools This chapter is meant to provide examples of systems engineering tools which may be needed during the SE design process.

    3. Product Breakdown Structure (PBS): A hierarchical breakdown of the hardware and software products of the project

    4. PBS for the SOFIA infrared telescope

    5. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) - A hierarchical division of hardware, software, services and data, which includes the PBS.

    6. Simplified WBS for a subsystem, with assignments and due dates

    7. Trade Studies A trade study is a tool used to help choose the best solution among alternatives. Numerical values are given based on weight factors and a normalization scale for the evaluation criteria. Evaluation criteria are important factors that we want to include in the trade study. Weight factors are used to dictate how important the evaluation criteria are relative to each other. Normalization scale creates a constant interval scale that allows us to set a numerical for each of the evaluation criteria (e.g. cost, mass, volume, power consumption legacy, ease of use). The choice of weight factors and normalization scale are extremely important to this process. Steps to a trade study 1. Define the problem. 2. Define constraints on the on the solutions. 3. Find 3-5 solutions 4. Define evaluation criteria. 5. Define weight factors 6. Define normalization scale 7. Fill out trade study (in EXCEL) 8. Rank the solutions SEE NEW CAR EXAMPLE IN CHAPTER 4

    8. Trade Study Example – Comparison of Controllers for CubeSat

    9. Interface Control Document (ICD)

    10. Interface Control Document (ICD)

    11. Interface Control Document (ICD)

    12. Mass Budget

    13. Power Budget

    14. Data Budget

    15. Failure Mode Analysis

    16. Failure Mode Analysis – COMM System

    17. Failure Mode Analysis - Structures

    18. Gantt Chart – A bar chart that can be used to allot time to tasks, schedule reviews, and date milestones

    19. EXCEL Gantt Chart

    20. Systems Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) – assigns SE function responsibility 1. Introduction, including Mission Overview, Project schedule with life cycle and reviews. 2. System Engineering Life Cycle, Gates, and Reviews 3. Communication 4. Systems Engineering Functions 4.1 Mission Objectives 4.2 Operations Concept Development 4.3 Mission Architecture and Design Development 4.4 Requirements Identification and Analysis 4.5 Validation and Verification 4.6 Interfaces and ICDs 4.7 Mission Environments 4.8 Resource Budgets and Error Allocation 4.9 Risk Management 4.10 System Engineering Reviews 5. Configuration Management 6. System Engineering Management

    21. NASA Presentation Sign-Off PageNASA Presentation Sign-Off Page

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