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Fluid Friction in Pipes

Fluid Friction in Pipes. CHAPTER 3. In Chemical engineering process operations , fluids are typically conveyed through pipelines, in which viscous action.

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Fluid Friction in Pipes

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  1. Fluid Friction in Pipes CHAPTER 3

  2. In Chemical engineering process operations , fluids are typically conveyed through pipelines, in which viscous action. • Such friction is normally overcome either by means of the pressure generated by a pump or by the fluid falling under gravity from a higher to a lower elevation. • In both cases it is necessary to know what flow rate or velocity can be expected for given driving force. • For a given flow rate, repetition of the experimental for different lengths demonstrates that the pressure drop( P1-P2) IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to L. • There are three different flow regimes in the resulting graph:

  3. For flow rates that are low, the pressure gradient is directly proportional to the flow rate( LAMINAR). • For intermediate flow rate, the results are irreproducible, and alternate randomly between extension of regimes 1 and 3( TRANSITION ) • For the high flow rate, the pressure gradient is closely proportional to square of the flow rate( TURBULENT )

  4. 3.2 Laminar Flow • In laminar flow the fluid is moving at low flow rate. In order to avoid additional complication of gravity, consider flow in horizintal cylinder pipe of radius a as shown in figure below. Consider a fluid moving in cylinder with radius r and length L. because of the retarding action of the pipe wall, there will be shear stress  between the fluid and pipe wall

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