Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

1. Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer Lecture 9 March 23, 2014

2. Adhan and Iqama

3. Introduction to Adhan • The word “adhan” means to announce or inform • The adhan announces the entrance of a prayer time • Background of the adhan

4. Adhan and Iqama • The adhan and iqama are emphasized sunnahs, for men, for the five daily prayers and the Friday prayer • Whether praying alone or together, while traveling or resident, whether current or make-up prayers • Makruhtahrim for women to recite the adhan or iqama • No adhan or iqama for Eid or janazah prayers • Both adhan for Jumu’ah are sunnah • Adhan must be in Arabic • Adhan should be given in an elevated place • Outside the masjid • Iqama inside, as well as 2ndadhan for Jumu’ah

5. Adhan

6. Responding to Adhan • Mustahabb (or wajib) to respond to the adhan • For both men and women, whether pure or impure • Physically – paying attention and then preparing for prayer • Verbally - repeat each set of phrases, except: • “Hayya…” with لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله • “As-salatu….” for Fajr with صدقت و بررت • Not necessary to respond verbally if: • Praying, giving or listening to talk/khutbah, teaching, studying, eating, while relieving oneself

7. Dua After Adhan • After the adhan, sunnah to send blessings on the Prophet ﷺthen recite this du’a: “Oh Allah, Lord of this perfect call and established prayer, grant Muhammad the Station of Wasilah and the Greatest Rank, and raise him to the rank You have promised him; verily You do not break your promises.” • Then to make du’a for whatever one desires • “The du’a made between the adhan and iqama is not rejected.” (Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi)

8. Iqama

9. Responding to Iqama • Mustahabb to respond to Iqama • Verbally – repeat each set of phrases, except: • “Hayya…” with لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله • “Qadqama…” with أَقَامَها اللهُ وَ أَدَامَهَا • Physically – stand and set the rows • Best to stand right away • Should begin prayer at completion of iqama • One who calls adhan has right to call iqama

10. Mustahabb for Mu’adhin • Recommended for Mu’adhin (caller) to: • Be righteous and knowledgeable • Possess a loud, beautiful voice • Be in state of wudu • Face the Qiblah • Place index fingers in ears • Or cover the ears • Turn face to right when reciting “hayyaala‘s-salah” • Turn face to left when reciting “hayyaala ‘l-falah” • Sit between adhan and iqama • Except for maghrib

11. Makruh Acts in Adhan • Over-melodize the adhan • Reciting words contrary to vowels, adding/removing pauses • Modulating one’s voice unnecessarily • Call adhan or iqama in state of major ritual impurity • Call iqama in state of minor ritual impurity • By child before reaching age of discernment • By open sinner • By woman or sitting person • On Friday for Dhuhr in a city • Speaking during adhan or iqama • If a man hears adhan in masjid, makruhtahrim to leave before prayer • Except with valid excuse

12. When Praying Alone • If one is not near a masjid where the adhan has been given • Makruh to leave both adhan and iqama • Should at least give the iqama • If near a masjid • Mustahabb to give both adhan and iqama • Should at least give the iqama • Adhan and iqama should be called for make-up prayers • Single adhan will suffice for multiple prayers at once • Iqama should be recited before each prayer

13. Questions?