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Understanding Pregnancy: From Conception to Birth and Key Development Stages

This overview details the critical stages of pregnancy, from conception to birth, highlighting key terms such as amniotic fluid, placenta, and umbilical cord. It outlines the mother's physical changes during each trimester and describes the labor process, including the three stages of delivery. Additionally, it addresses potential complications like fetal alcohol syndrome and gestational diabetes, as well as the nuances of breech births. Understanding these factors is essential for expectant parents and healthcare professionals alike, as they navigate the journey of pregnancy and childbirth.

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Understanding Pregnancy: From Conception to Birth and Key Development Stages

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  1. FROM CONCEPTION TO BIRTH

  2. KEY TERMS • Amniotic fluid – clear liquid in sac that the fetus develops in; protects fetus from injury. • Placenta- barrier between the mother and child; receives nutrients, passes out waste, etc. • Umbilical cord – attaches the embryo/fetus to placenta • Episiotomy – surgical cut in area to prevent tearing.

  3. PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT

  4. 4 weeks: 6 weeks : 8 weeks: Heart is first detected Eyes are visible; ¼ inch long Limbs well developed; face recognizable. Embryo: Conception to 8 Weeks

  5. 9 weeks: 12 weeks: 15 weeks: 21 weeks: 26 weeks: Essential body parts accounted for All major organs formed May tell gender Feels movement Testicles moves into scrotum Fetus: 9-40 Weeks

  6. 27 weeks: 34 weeks: 37 weeks: Hiccups felt, somersaults, kicking Born between 34-37 weeks can survive Full term baby FETUS cont……

  7. MOTHER’S DEVELOPMENT

  8. FIRST TRIMESTER: 1-3 MONTHS • Tender Breasts • Nausea • Weight increase

  9. SECOND TRIMESTER: 4-6 MONTHS • Looks pregnant • Heart rate increases • Energy increases

  10. THIRD TRIMESTER: 7-9 MONTHS • Skin stretches over abdomen • Slight contractions felt • Pressure on bladder • Fatigue, back pain, heart burn, and breathlessness

  11. ONSET OF LABOR

  12. 1ST STAGE • Head of fetus drops lower, easing pressure on mother’s lungs and abdomen • Mucus plug expelled • Uterine contractions stronger and more regular • Sac ruptures and fluid leaks out • Cervix begins to dilate (.5 in./hr) to 10 cm or 4in.

  13. 2ND STAGE • Begins after full dilation of cervix • Mother feels strong urge to push • Baby emerges from the birth canal

  14. 3RD STAGE • After the baby has been delivered, cutting the umbilical cord separates the baby from the placenta. • When the placenta has separated from the wall of the uterus, it is eased out of the vaginal opening.

  15. PROBLEMS DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY

  16. DURING • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – a set of defects that affect a fetus that has been exposed to alcohol during pregnancy. • Gestational diabetes – diabetes during pregnancy.

  17. FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

  18. BREECH BIRTH • Frank breech - the baby's bottom comes first, and his or her legs are flexed at the hip and extended at the knees (with feet near the ears). 65-70% of breech babies are in the frank breech position. • Complete breech - the baby's hips and knees are flexed so that the baby is sitting cross-legged, with feet beside the bottom. • Footling breech - one or both feet come first, with the bottom at a higher position. This is rare at term but relatively common with premature fetuses. • Kneeling breech - the baby is in a kneeling position, with one or both legs extended at the hips and flexed at the knees. This is extremely rare.

  19. AFTER • Postpartum depression – depression that occurs after birth that can result from physical changes, emotional factors, and lifestyle influences.

  20. ???????

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