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Conception, Reproduction and Birth Outline

Conception, Reproduction and Birth Outline. Fertilization – (Conception ). 1.semen is filled with 100-600 million sperm 2 . sperm can live 6-8 hours in the vagina 3. sperm usually reach the fallopian tubes within 1 ½ hours of ejaculation

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Conception, Reproduction and Birth Outline

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  1. Conception, Reproduction and Birth Outline

  2. Fertilization – (Conception) • 1.semen is filled with 100-600 million sperm • 2. sperm can live 6-8 hours in the vagina • 3. sperm usually reach the fallopian tubes within 1 ½ hours of ejaculation • 4. if an ovum has been released into the fallopian tube only one sperm can enter it • 5.when one sperm enters the ovum a chemical substance is released to prevent any other sperm from entering • 6.the rest of the sperm die off • 7.the fertilized egg is called a zygote

  3. Chromosomes • 1. DNA –deoxyribonucleic acid • 2. humans have 46 chromosomes

  4. The Baby’s Sex 1. the egg and the sperm each contribute 23 chromosomes 2. the father carries the “X”or the “Y”chromosome 3. the mother carries the “X”chromosome 4. “XX”is a girl 5. “XY” is a boy

  5. Organs of Gestation & Terminology 1.gestation – period of time from fertilization to birth (pregnancy) 2.embryo– the unborn baby the first 8 weeks of life 3.fetus– the unborn baby after the first 8 weeks until birth 4.placenta– pancake like organ connects the unborn fetus to the uterus ( the command control center) 5.umbilical cord – the two-way highway that connects the fetus to the placenta. It provides the nourishment and oxygen from the mother to the baby and returns the waste and carbon dioxide to themother from the fetus. The blood in the umbilical cord never mixes.

  6. Stages of Gestation First Trimester 1.nine months of pregnancy are divided into three months – called trimesters (women are actually pregnant about 40 weeks) 2. blastocyst– dividing ball of cells 3. 7th day after fertilization the blastocyst implants on the uterus wall 4. 4th week the heart is present and begins to beat 5. “morning sickness” is caused the hormonal changes in the mother 6. the large size of the human brain is what makes humans different from all other mammals 7. amniotic sac– fluid-filled bag of water thatprotects thebaby inside the mother’s body and has the same genetic make-up as the baby 8. fetusmeans fruitful 9. 12th week all internal organs are formed, but not matured

  7. Stages of Gestation Second Trimester • 1. 4th month the heartbeat can be heard through a stethoscope • 2. between the 16th and 20th weeks the mother can feel the baby move • 3. 18 weeks the sex of the fetus is easily distinguishable • 4. 27 weeks the fetus is covered with a cheese like material called vernix

  8. Stages of Gestation Third Trimester • 1. by the 8th month the baby will have an excellent chance of survival if born early • 2. rate of growth of fetus slows down and the baby moves into a head down position • 3. 40 weeks the baby is full term • 4. average length is about 20 inches; average weight is 7-8 pounds • 5. human development continues until age of 18-21 years

  9. Twins and Multiple Births • Identical– one ovum and one sperm create two babies; no reason why this occurs…babies must be the same sex and are genetic doubles (maternal) • Fraternal–two ova fertilized by two separate sperm; two babies may be the same sex or opposite sex…just brothers and sisters who are born on the same day at the same time.

  10. Labor First Stage – couple of hours to a couple of days 1. amniotic sac breaks (bag of water) 2. cervix stretches and thins out to make room for the baby’s head (10cm or 4 in.) 3. contractions are about 20 minutes apart. (5 minutes apart that baby is coming!)

  11. Labor Second Stage – Birth 1.cervix is completely opened and the baby enters and moves through the birth canal 2. the doctor clears out the mouth and throat to remove any amniotic fluid or mucus 3. the umbilical cord is cut (it will dry up and heal to become the navel or belly button)

  12. Labor Third Stage – Afterbirth 1. The placenta (afterbirth) is delivered… 2. It is checked to help determine if the baby is healthy (same DNA as the baby)

  13. Alternative Methods of Birth • breech birth –the baby is born feet or buttocks first • caesarean births –a surgical procedure to remove the baby from the abdomen and uterus

  14. Father’s Role in the Birth Process • Bonding–development of a close relationship through presence and cuddling contact

  15. Assessing the Newborn – APGAR • A – appearance (skin color – no blueness) • P – pulse ( heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute) • G – grimace ( reflex irritability – vigorous crying) • A – activity( good muscle tone; active motion) • R – respiration( breathing – regular crying

  16. Assessing the Newborn – APGAR • It is done twice – once at one minute and again at five minutes • This is taken at 1 and 5 minutes after birth to see if the baby is okay. It is done on a scale of 0 – 2. (0 is the worst, 2 is the best.)

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