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MEP201 Mechanical Engineering Drawing 1 st semester 2005-2006

MEP201 Mechanical Engineering Drawing 1 st semester 2005-2006. S R Kale Lecture : Schematics 1 Flow/Schematic/Process Flow Drawings: Lines, Equipment & Fittings. Schematic / PFD / Flow diagrams. Applications: Power plants, Cogeneration, Oil and Natural gas Paper and pulp

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MEP201 Mechanical Engineering Drawing 1 st semester 2005-2006

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  1. MEP201Mechanical Engineering Drawing1st semester 2005-2006 S R Kale Lecture : Schematics 1 Flow/Schematic/Process Flow Drawings: Lines, Equipment & Fittings

  2. Schematic / PFD / Flow diagrams Applications: • Power plants, Cogeneration, • Oil and Natural gas • Paper and pulp • Plastics and chemicals • Food processing • Building air conditioning and ventilation • Mineral processing • Utilities (water, steam, N2, O2, …) Schematics 1

  3. Schematics – Lines (1) Line denotes pipes, tubes, ducts carrying the working fluid that Connects equipment, fittings, instruments & controls in a scientific / technical manner to put together the Process sequence that meets the process objectives in normal system and takes care of Operating requirements e.g. maintenance, stand-by, start-up, shut-down, vents, drains, safety, … -- “abnormal” situations Schematics 1

  4. Schematics – Lines (2) This information + Information on Layout & G.A. drawings  Pipe routing as 3-D drawings  Specifications of piping Fluid, pressure, temperature,  Material, OD, thickness, insulation  Civil drawings  Power, instrument & control cable routing  Bill of materials (& specs.) – pipes, fittings, instruments, equipment, construction, pipe support, cable trays, . . . . THEN purchase & construction commence ! Schematics 1

  5. Schematics – Lines (3) Working fluids :Water, steam, air, gas, oil, fuel, refrigerants, blood, chemicals (Cl2, O2, CO2, H2, H2SO4, …), food, coal,.. Working fluid sub-classification • Water (liquid): Tap, filtered, soft, DM, fire fighting, river, sea, potable. OR Warm, cold, chilled, tap • Steam: S/H, low pressure, high pressure, wet, • Oil: Lube (!), HSD, crude, kerosene, thermic fluid, • Gas: NG, LPG, Biogas, flue gas, CO2,H2, Air (compressed) • Refrigerant: R-??, Sub-cooled, S/H, wet, Schematics 1

  6. o o o o o x x x x x Schematics – Lines (4) Line types – for clarity, one type per fluid (/state) Schematics 1

  7. Steam line Electric heater Schematics – Lines (5) Steam tracing Electric tracing Heavy oil, … Insulated Schematics 1

  8. Schematics – Lines (6) Connected lines Cross-over (no connection) Continuation from Continuation to From ‘B’ on drawing no. 12 To ‘A’ on drawing no. 89 Termination Flanged Plugged Schematics 1

  9. Schematics – Lines (7) Types of connections Threaded Flanged Welded Termination Flanged Plugged Schematics 1

  10. Schematics – Lines (8) Header – “Large” diameter pipe/duct, distributor More than one inflows and/or outflows  Ensures uniform distribution amongst tappings Fitted with vent and drain Tapping – “Small” diameter pipe/duct that branch-off Schematics 1

  11. Eqpt #1 Eqpt. 2 A Continued to ‘A’, on same/other drwg Schematics – Lines (9) Lines connect equipment and fittings as per process scheme/requirement. Direction of flow with arrows Example Schematics 1

  12. Schematics – Equipment (typ.) • Tank • Pump, fan, blower • Turbine • Compressor • Heat exchanger, boiler • Chimney • Conveyor • Air blown heat exchanger Schematics 1

  13. Schematics – Equipment (1) Tanks - storage Schematics 1

  14. Schematics – Equipment (2) Pumps – liquid flow Centrifugal Gear (positive displacement) Relief/safety valve integral Schematics 1

  15. Schematics – Equipment (3) Blowers, fans – gas, air flow Centrifugal Schematics 1

  16. Schematics – Equipment (4) Heat exchanger – heat transfer between two fluids without mixing Schematics 1

  17. Schematics – Equipment (5) Heat exchanger – air blown (air cooler, air heater typ.) Desuperheater – steam Schematics 1

  18. Schematics – Equipment (6) Compressor – gas, air Turbine – steam, gas, hydro Compressor – with bleed Turbine – steam with extraction Schematics 1

  19. g Schematics – Equipment (7) Hopper – store & feed Mill, crusher – crush Granular materials Feeder – metered Conveyor – belt, Schematics 1

  20. Schematics – Equipment (8) Cooling tower forced draft Cooling tower natural draft Schematics 1

  21. Schematics – Equipment (9) Chimney, stack Schematics 1

  22. M G ~ Schematics – Equipment (10) Electric motor, generator (usually A.C.) Schematics 1

  23. Schematics – Equipment (11) • Process specific – create with resemblance to equipment • Tyre making machine • Paper machine • Machine tool • Tanker truck, truck • Railway tanker, freight wagon • Ship, boat • Furnace • Boiler • Digester • Stack of granular material • Steel mill , non-ferrous…. • + + + Schematics 1

  24. Schematics – Fittings (1) • Expansion joint • Reducer/ expander • Blind flange, Plug • Drain funnel • Vent (with goose neck) • Silencer • Y-strainer, T-strainer, Basket strainer • Sight glass • Steam trap Schematics 1

  25. Schematics – Fittings (2) Expansion Joint Diesel engine exhaust Schematics 1

  26. Schematics – Fittings (3) Expansion Joint Application Allow relative movement – thermal expansion, pressure, machine vibration Symbol Schematics 1

  27. Schematics – Fittings (4) Flexible hose HSDO line at boiler burner Lube oil, HSDO & water lines on diesel engine Schematics 1

  28. Schematics – Fittings (5) Flexible hose Application Allow flexibility in placement and connectivity of different equipment and fittings Symbol Schematics 1

  29. Schematics – Fittings (6) Y-strainer HSDO from tank to burner (boiler) Water from cooling tower to pump (DG set) Schematics 1

  30. Schematics – Fittings (7) Y-strainer Application • Metal wire mesh removes ‘large” particles • Mesh can be removed, cleaned & reassembled without disturbing piping Symbol Schematics 1

  31. Schematics – Fittings (8) Basket strainer HSDO filter on diesel engine (DG set) HSDO from tank to burner (boiler) Schematics 1

  32. Schematics – Fittings (9) Basket strainer Application • Fine wire mesh or fabric filter removes ‘small” particles • Mesh/filter element can be removed replaced without disturbing piping Symbol Schematics 1

  33. Schematics – Fittings (10) Filter Intake air filter on diesel engine (DG set) Air filter in HVAC system (CSC A.C.) Schematics 1

  34. Schematics – Fittings (11) Filter Application • Fine opening fabric removes ‘small’ & ‘very small’ particles • Mesh/filter element can be removed replaced without disturbing assembly Symbol Schematics 1

  35. Schematics – Fittings (12) Drains • Applications • Drain liquid from pipes & equipment to enable maintenance • Connection at lowest point of equipment and piping • On-Off valve – normally closed • Outlet to nearest drain (channel…) • Symbols Schematics 1

  36. Schematics – Fittings (13) Vents Vent on boiler shell Schematics 1

  37. Schematics – Fittings (14) Vents • Applications • Open at start-up to vent out air from pipes & equipment • Open while draining pipes & equipment to let air in • Connection at highest point of equipment and piping • On-Off valve – normally closed OR no valve • Outlet led to safe point or locally at gooseneck • Symbols Schematics 1

  38. Schematics – Fittings (15) Silencer Application • Reduce noise due to sudden expansion • Engine exhaust, safety valve outlet, compressor inlet,… Symbol Schematics 1

  39. Schematics – Stand-by capacity Application • System operates if one equipment / fitting is out of service • Extra investment  plant operates at full or part load without complete shut-down ($$$). • Equipment/fittings connected in parallel. • Too many equipment/fittings  Maintenance , space , cost , •  Compromise, optimize – philosophy, experience Notation 100 %  Provides the full required process capacity. 50 %  Provides half the required process capacity, so on.. Examples 1 x 100%. 2 x 100%, 3 x 10 % () 1 x 50% , 2 x 50 %. 3 x 50%, 4 x 50% (), 5 x 50% () 3 x 33%, 4 x 33% () 4 x 25%, 5 x 25% (), 11 x 10% (), Schematics 1

  40. ~ Example – Gas turbine power plant Schematics 1

  41. M Example - Lubricating Oil System BEARING LUBE OIL TANK Schematics 1

  42. Francis Turbine – Lube Oil System Drawing given in class Schematics 1

  43. Francis Turbine – Lube Oil System Schematics 1

  44. Lecture #2 - Summary Schematic drawings show: • line connections between equipment and fittings so that process logic is realized; • symbolic arrangements, not to scale; • Bill of Materials – pipes, equipment & fittings; NEXT STEP: Add valves, instrumentation and control details. Schematics 1

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