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BIODIVERSITY

BIODIVERSITY. What is biodiversity?. All living things are called organisms. Biodiversity is the short form of Biological Diversity. Biodiversity refers to the wide variety of organisms on Earth. biodiversity. Classification of organisms.

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BIODIVERSITY

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  1. BIODIVERSITY

  2. What is biodiversity? • All living things are called organisms. • Biodiversity is the short form of Biological Diversity. • Biodiversity refers to the wide variety of organisms on Earth.

  3. biodiversity

  4. Classification of organisms • Classification of the organisms is the sorting of organisms (animals or plants) into groups which have similar characteristics. • There are 5 major groups: • Animals • Plants • Fungi (mould) • Bacteria • Simple organisms (unicellular organisms)

  5. Classification of animals

  6. vertebrates • Animals with backbone or spinal column. • It’s long, strong and flexible. • It supports the body, anchors the limbs and protects the spinal cord. • Usually large in size.

  7. invertebrates • Animals without backbones. • Usually small in size. • These animals have simple body systems. • Insects make up about 90% of all invertebrates.

  8. fish • Cold-blooded (poikilotherm) • Live in water • Bodies are covered with slimy scales • Carry out external fertilisation (outside female body) • Lay eggs • Breathe through gills • Examples: pomfret, sea horse, eel, stingray **** Sharks give birth to their young

  9. amphibians • Cold-blooded (poikilotherm) • Live in water and on land • Bodies are covered with moist skin • Carry out external fertilisation (outside female body) • Lay eggs • Breathe through lungs (adults) gills (young) • Examples: frogs, toads, salamander

  10. reptiles • Cold-blooded (poikilotherm) • Live on land • Bodies are covered with hard dry scales • Carry out internal fertilisation (inside female body) • Lay eggs • Breathe through lungs • Examples: lizards, snakes, crocodiles, turtles, tortoise **** Anaconda give birth to their young

  11. birds • Warm-blooded (homeotherm) • Live on land • Bodies are covered with feathers and wings • Carry out internal fertilisation (inside female body) • Lay eggs • Breathe through lungs • Examples: duck, pigeon, penguin, eagle, ostriches

  12. mammals • Warm-blooded (homeotherm) • Live on land • Bodies are covered with hair or fur • Carry out internal fertilisation (inside female body) • Give birth to their young and breast feeding • Breathe through lungs • Examples: humans, cows, bats, cats, porcupine, etc

  13. mammals • Echidnas lay eggs • Whales live in water and give birth • Platypus lays eggs • Bats have wings • Armadillos have scales • Anteaters lay eggs

  14. invertebrates • Invertebrates account for more than 90% of the species in the animal kingdom. • Many of the invertebrates are small I size and they have simple body structures. • They cannot grow too big because they do not have a backbone to support their weight.

  15. invertebrates • Insects (butterflies, bees, wasps, etc) • Scorpion • Molluscs • Worms • Crabs • Prawns • Spiders

  16. invertebrates

  17. 3 pairs of legs • Butterflies • Grasshoppers • Beetles • Crickets • Ants • Cockroaches

  18. 4 pairs of legs • Spiders • Scorpions • Mites • ticks

  19. More than 4 pairs of legs • Millipedes • Centipedes • Shrimps • crabs • Lobsters

  20. Worm-like • Leeches • Earthworms • Flatworms • Tapeworms • Roundworms

  21. Non-worm-like • Jellyfish • Starfish • Snails • Sea anemones • Cuttlefish • Squids

  22. Classification of plants

  23. Flowering plants

  24. monocotyledons • Seeds with one cotyledon. • Fibrous roots • Leaves with parallel veins • Most are herbaceous plants, non-woody stems. • Examples: maize, paddy, grass, orchid, sugar cane, banana, etc.

  25. One cotyledon

  26. Fibrous roots

  27. Parallel veins

  28. dicotyledons • Seeds with two cotyledon. • Tap roots • Leaves with network veins • Most are woody stems. • Examples: mango tree, durian tree, sunflower, rubber tree, etc.

  29. Non - Flowering plants

  30. Ways of reproduction • Moss : spores • Fern : spores • Yeast : budding • Conifers : seeds in the cones

  31. Mosses • It has simple stems and tiny leaves • No true roots • Reproduce through spores produced in capsules at the end of the stalks

  32. Examples of mosses • Moss • Liverwort

  33. Ferns • It has stems, leaves and roots • It reproduces through spores produced in capsules on the underside of the leaves (fronds) • live on land and in moist shady places

  34. examples • Bird’s nest fern • Staghorn’s fern

  35. conifers • Have roots, stems and needle-like leaves • Do not produce flowers but cones • Reproduce through seeds in the cones

  36. examples • Pinetree • Spruce

  37. algae • Unicellular or multicellular organisms • Do not have true stems, leaves or roots • Live in water or moist places • Examples: • Chlorella • Seaweed • Phytoplankton • Spirogyra • Yeast – reproduce through budding

  38. phytoplankton

  39. spirogyra

  40. The importance of biodiversity to the environment • Contributes wealth of resources such as • Food • Fuels • Timber • Shelter • Spices • Clothing • Herbs • Medicines • Maintain carbon, water and oxygen cycles

  41. Human activities that destroy the nature • Illegal logging • Hunting of wild animals • Widespread clearing of forests for housing and urbanisation • Overfishing • Mining • Agricultural activities • Building dams

  42. Source of medicines and herbs • Many plants are rich sources of traditional and modern medicines. • These are used to treat and prevent diseases.

  43. Source of genetic diversity • Biodiversity enhances the wealth of gene pools t further increase diversity in the future generations.

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