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http://www.unpog.org

Leadership in e-Government Development Bahrain International e-Government Forum, Kingdom of Bahrain 8~10 April 2013 Mr. Bong Up CHO Senior Policy Development Expert United Nations Project Office on Governance (UNPOG). http://www.unpog.org. 1. Contents. Introduction of UNPOG

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http://www.unpog.org

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  1. Leadership in e-Government Development Bahrain International e-Government Forum, Kingdom of Bahrain 8~10 April 2013 Mr. Bong Up CHO Senior Policy Development Expert United Nations Project Office on Governance (UNPOG) http://www.unpog.org 1

  2. Contents • Introduction of UNPOG • Why e-Government ? • Challenges of e-Government Development • Leadership - Korea Experience • - e-Government History as a Presidential Agenda • Lessons Learned http://www.unpog.org 2

  3. United Nations Project Office on Governance (UNPOG): Established in 2006, Seoul, Republic of Korea Achieving MDGs Enhancing Governance / e-Governance Raising Awareness & Establishing Partnerships Sharing Knowledge & Experience Providing Policy Advice & Best Practices Communications & Outreach Capacity Development Research & Policy Development http://www.unpog.org 3

  4. .Why e-Government ? National Perspective UN Perspective Achieving Millennium Development Goals Better Society Better Government efficient effective transparent accountable participatory e-Government as a catalyst Government United Nations ※ The United Nations believes that e-Government is integral to the socio- economic development of the peoples of the world. http://www.unpog.org

  5. Challenges of e-Government Development • “Leadership Failures” ….Lack of finance….Digital divides….Poor coordination…. • Workplace and organizational inflexibility….Lack of trust….Poor technical design • Others : Government officials’ resistance to change, Lack of interoperability between systems, etc. • * Research(Aug. 2006) conducted by Oxford Internet Institute • ※ Leadership failure can lead to - Low prioritization of e-Government in public policies and resource allocation - Lack of integration of the e-Government agenda with mainstream strategies for public sector reform - Poor strategic vision and planning of e-Government http://www.unpog.org 5

  6. ※ Survey: Major factors for Successful e-Gov. projects Source: ADB staff survey results on e-Gov 2012 http://www.unpog.org

  7. Korean Experience e-Government History as a Presidential Agenda http://www.unpog.org 7

  8. ※ Current Status of Korea’s e-Government Phase 1 [Foundation] Phase 2 [Service Advancement] • Advancement of internal administrative procedure • Expansion of integrated civil services • Consolidation of internal administrative procedure and establishment of common basis • Selective public service reform KoreaisHere ! Phase 2 Level 4 Seamless Phase 1 Level 3 Transactional • Seamless online service provided by agencies • Converged • public services Level 2 Enhanced • Visa, passport, birth records obtained online • Taxes & fees paid online Level 1 Emerging • Regularly updated contents and information • Limited web presence 8

  9. 1) Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) was established in 1976 to develop new technologies related to ICTs - TDX (Time Division Exchange) to solve the congestion of wire telephone installation across the country including rural areas (’76~’86) * World 10th in development & production of the electronic switching system - D-RAM : Starting with development of 4M DRAM, successfully developed 16M, 64M and 256M DRAM in a row (’85~’94) - World’s first Commercialization of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access): foundation of wireless communication (’89~’96) 2) Creation of Masterplan to computerize administrative systems - Masterplan to computerize administrative systems of Government agencies was designed in 1978 to enhance administrative efficiency and upgrade civil services. 1. The Park Administration in 1970s http://www.unpog.org 9

  10. http://www.unpog.org 10

  11. 1) Mr. Oh, Myung, then Vice Minister and Minister of Information and Communications, served about 7 years as a National CIO(’81.5~’88.2) - Coordinated the development of TDX (domestically produced electronic switching system) - Established government-funded company, KT(Korea Telecom)for electronic communications - Founded public telecommunications carrier, Korea Data Communications (Dacom) 2) Computerized National Data in major areas such asresident registration, real-estate, vehicle records, and finance to lay the groundwork for informatization at national level * Focused on storing government records into a digital format. 3) Established National Informatization Agency (NIA) in 1987 - NIA is a statutory agency founded to promote national informatizationto develop e-Government-related policies, and to provide technical expertise for national agencies. 2. The Chun Administration in 1980s http://www.unpog.org 11

  12. 1) The Framework Act on Informatization Promotion legislated in 1995. - Established the legal basis for promoting informatization on national scale 2) The Informatization Promotion Committee(chaired by the Prime Minister and included other ministers among its members) was organized to supervise the informatization plans & policies of each ministry. 3) The Informatization Promotion Fund established in 1996. - Enabled the government to invest intensively in promoting e-Government, developed technology & manpower and established IT infras, serving as a stable foundation for Korea’s informatization. 4) High-speed Information and Communications Networks - In 1995, started to build a nationwide fiber optic network and a high- speed transmission network and completed the construction in 2005 at a cost of USD 32 billion. 3. The Kim, Young Sam Administration (1993 ~ 1997) http://www.unpog.org 12

  13. Creation of a Chief Information Officer (CIO) across the government and local governments to sustain attention and prioritization of e-Government (‘98.9) IT Training for 10 million citizens (taxi-drivers, housewives, the old, etc.) taught how to use internet, and the use of word processing (2000) 3) The Electronic Government Act * enacted in 2001 to build foundation for e-Government promotion. * first in the world 4) The Special Committee for e-Government created in 2001 to promote interagency collaboration concerning the e-Government initiatives. ※A joint civilian-government committee under the supervision of the President 5) Selected and carried out 11* major initiatives for e-Government (2001~2002) - Citizen-oriented(front office) : G4C, Home Tax Service, e-Procurement, Social Insurance Information System - Administrative Efficiency(back office) :Finance, Education, Local Gov’t, Personnel - Infra for e-Government :e-Approval & e-Document between agencies, e-Signature, Government-wide integrated computer network 4. The Kim, Dae Jung Administration (1998 ~ 2002) http://www.unpog.org 13

  14. 1) Presidential Committee on Gov’t Innovation & Decentralization launched in 2003 - Selected and Implemented 31 e-Government project initiatives 2) Establishment of Government Integrated Data Center (GIDC) - Separately and individually operated information systems of 47 government agencies were integrated and managed together. 3) Construction of ‘e-Participation Portal’ (e-People) - Integrated the systems of all central governments and diplomatic missions and connected the systems of local governments & major public institutions. - Facilitated citizen participation in the decision-making process by allowing their complaints, policy proposals to be addressed through a single window. 4) Introduction of ‘Digital Budget & Accounting System’ (d-Brain) - As d-Brain was connected to 63 other systems of 46 institutions including Public Procurement Service & National Tax Service, - efficiency and transparency have been improved in national finance management such as revenue generation, budget planning, execution & settlement. 5. The Roh Administration (2003 ~ 2007) http://www.unpog.org 14

  15. 1) Establishment of Presidential Council on National Informatization - Prime Minister`s Council on Informatization has been promoted to the Presidential Council to coordinate informatization policies 2) Integration and Connection of the e-Government services - Online Civil Service Portal (G4C), Korea e-Government Portal (www.korea.go.kr) and One-stop Business Support Service (G4B) provide integrated and customized services for citizens and businesses As a result, Korea ranked first in the UN e-Government Surveys in both 2010 and 2012 consecutively. (Next Step) The New Administration is planning to implement ‘Smart e-Government’ that enables users to enjoy easy & free access to government services regardless of the delivery channel. * Launch of Open Government Data Portal (www.data.go.kr) (March 2013) 6. The Lee Administration (2008 ~ Feb. 2013) http://www.unpog.org 15

  16. UN Global e-Government Readiness Index http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/

  17. Lessons Learned http://www.unpog.org 17

  18. 1) Informatization on the basis of Research & Development - Technology Development : Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI, in 1976) * (USD 825, per capita GDP of Korea)  ETRI has been making significant efforts to provide Korea with a remarkable growth in the area of ICTs - Policy Development & Provision of Technical Expertise : National Informatization Agency (NIA, in 1987)  As the agency responsible for the overall informatization of the nation, NIA has been providing expertise in developing and implementing the Nat’l Framework Plan on Informatization Promotion 2) From Top-down Approach to Bottom-up Approach - At the beginning, most projects on National Informatization were initiated by upper-level officials including Presidents. - As time went by, focused on taking a bottom-up approach to prioritize and implement e-Government projects. Lessons Learned from Korea’s e-Government http://www.unpog.org 18

  19. 3) To the Implementation of Integrated & Connected Projects from Individual Projects - At the initial stage, e-Government projects and the information system were executed and operated by respective ministries. - As citizen-centered services get more importance and the information society becomes more advanced, it has implemented e-Government projects* focusing on connection and integration. * GIDC, Online Civil Service Portal, e-People, d-Brain Finance system, etc. 4) Historical Roles & Responsibilities among Presidents (Continuity of e-Government) - Top-leadership fully understood the importance of ICTs & e-Government in socio-economic development and made an aggressive investment on them for more than 30 years consistently. * Making Foundation (R&D: ETRI) → Computerization Basic National Information (DB) → Establishment of Policy Development Institute(NIA) → Construction of Infrastructure → Creation of Enabling Environments ; Law, Institutions, and Fund → Implementation of Major e-Government Projects Lessons Learned from Korea’s e-Government http://www.unpog.org 19

  20. Triangle of e-Government Development http://www.unpog.org 20

  21. e-Government is A Journey, not a destination http://www.unpog.org 21

  22. Thank you for your attention! http://www.unpog.org 22

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