Bellringer

1. Bellringer Do you think Monarchies(Kings & Queens) are better than Democracys(President) ? Which do you think has the most power over its country? Explain your answer in complete sentences!!!!

2. Chapter 7: Crisis and Absolutism in Europe 7-1 Europe in Crisis : The Wars of Religion

3. The Majesty of Louis XIV • Read page 210 and answer the following questions: • What evidence is there in the story that Louis XIV enjoyed being in control. • What was the one characteristic about himself that Louis XIV could not control? • Why do you think a monarch like Louis XIV, with limitless, unrestrained vanity, might make “mistakes of judgment”?

4. LOUIS XIV • 1638 – 1715 • Built the Palace of Versailles. • Known as the “Sun King.” • Ruled for 72 years, longer than any European monarch.

5. The French Wars of Religion • “In an instant, the whole city was filled with dead bodies of every sex and age, and amid such confusion and disorder that everyone was allowed to kill whoever he pleased.” - The Huguenot Wars

6. Catholics vs. Protestants • Conflict between Catholics and Protestants was the heart of the French Wars of Religion. • Both sides had become highly militant (combative) religions. • Goal: Win converts and eliminate each other’s authority.

7. The French Wars of Religion (1562- 1598) • The most devastating wars of the French civil wars. • Religion at the core of these wars. • French kings persecuted Protestants, but the Protestant faith continued to spread. • The hilltop village of Crillon-le-Brave… named after one of Henri IV’s fiercest generals during the French Wars of Religion.

8. Huguenots • Huguenots: members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the 16th to the 18th century • Only 7% of the French population, but 40-50% of nobility became Huguenots. • The conversion of nobles made the Huguenots a powerful political threat to the crown.

9. Ultra-Catholics • Catholic majority still outnumbered the Huguenot. • Ultra-Catholics: • Extreme Catholic party who strongly opposed the Huguenots • Could recruit and pay for large armies The Sacré-Cœurbuilt by the French government after the revolution to ease tensions between ultra- Catholics and the government

10. Basilique du Sacré-Cœur, Paris

11. Henry of Navrre • Political leader of the Huguenots. • Succeeded to the throne as Henry IV. • Converted to Catholicism. • When crowned in 1594, fighting in France ended.

12. Henry IV • The Green Gallant

13. The Edict of Nantes • Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes: • 1598 – Recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but it also gave Huguenots the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges.

14. Phillip II and Militant Catholicism • Greatest supporter of militant Catholicism – King Phillip II. • Son of Charles V, reigned 1556-1598. • Ushered Spanish greatness both politically and culturally.

15. Goals of Phillip II • Consolidate the lands he inherited from his father including: Spain, Netherlands, and territories in Italy and America • Strengthen Spain by insisting on strict conformity to Catholicism.

16. “Most Catholic King” • King Philip II, became a champion of Catholic Causes. • Experienced spectacular victories and defeats. • Philip’s reign ended in 1598. • Spain had the most populous empire in the world. • Controlled almost all of South America and settlements in Asia and Africa. • To Europeans, Spain appeared to be the greatest power of the age.

17. “Appearances not always as they seem” • Spain’s treasury was empty. • Philip II bankrupt from spending too much on war. • Armed forces out of date. • Government was inefficient. **Spain continued to be a superpower, but power had shifted in Europe to Englandand France **

18. Queen Elizabeth Tudor • Ascended the throne in 1558. • Intelligent, careful, and self confident. • During her reign, the small island kingdom became the leader of the Protestant nations of Europe. • Laid the foundations for a future world empire.

19. The England of Elizabeth • A new Act of Supremacy: • Named Elizabeth as “the only supreme governor” of both church and state. • Moderate in her foreign policy. • Goal was to keep Spain and France from becoming to powerful by supporting whichever as the weaker nation.

20. Defeat of the Spanish Armada • Philip II of Spain tried to invade England, overthrow Protestantism and return Catholicism. • 1588, Philip ordered the invasion, but failed. • Most of the Spanish fleet was sank by the English and a series of storms.

21. Assignment • Write a biopoem of one monarch from Ch. 6-1. You may choose from the following: • Louis XIV • Henry of Navarre or IV • King Philip II • Queen Elizabeth • Be prepared to read aloud in class

22. Biopoems Line One: First Name Line Two: 3 or 4 adjectives that describes the person Line Three: Important Relationship (daughter of) Line Four: 2 or 3 things the person liked Line Five: 3 feelings the person experienced Line Six: 3 fears the person experienced Line Seven: Accomplishments Line Eight: 2 or 3 things the person wanted to accomplish Line Nine: His or her residence Line Ten: Last Name

23. Example of Biopoem Harry Magic, Young, Friendly Friend of Hermione Quidditch, Hedwig the Owl Happy, Sad, Scared Slytherin, Malfoy, Lord Voldemort Winning the House Cup for Gryffindor Win at Quidditch, Not get Hagrid in trouble Hogwarts Potter