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Fundamentals of Biomechanics

Fundamentals of Biomechanics. IB SEHS- SL. Phases of Motion. Preparatory - Execution - Follow Through. Why is it important to break motion down into phases?. So we can evaluate and correct in order to improve performance & prevent injury. Preparatory Phase. In a ready position

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Fundamentals of Biomechanics

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  1. Fundamentals of Biomechanics IB SEHS- SL

  2. Phases of Motion Preparatory - Execution - Follow Through Why is it important to break motion down into phases? So we can evaluate and correct in order to improve performance & prevent injury

  3. Preparatory Phase • In a ready position • The movements that get the player ready for the force-producing movements

  4. Execution Phase • performs the movements that produce force, impact or propulsion (kicking, hitting). • It is also at the point of contact or release of the movement

  5. Follow Through • movement slows down after impact and the player prepares for the next action. • Important in slowing the body parts down over a longer period of time. • Absorbing the forces produced and helping to prevent injuries.

  6. Basketball bounce pass video clip. • Basketball - Bounce Pass Preparation: • both hands on the ball • elbows in, wrist cocked, fingers spread (use finger pads)

  7. Execution: • step forward with one foot • extend arms and snap wrists • bounce ball on floor approximately 2/3 of the distance between you and target (bounce pass)

  8. Follow-Through: • finish with arms extended and palms facing out and thumbs pointing down

  9. Observe the differences in the two swings. • Video Clip. Cricket vs Baseball (6 min) • Additional question • Which sport is it harder to hit the ball? clip of pitching phases of motion (5min)

  10. What is a lever? Rigid structures hinged at one point (fulcrum) to which forces are applied to two other points (effort and load)

  11. Resistance arm- distance between load & fulcrum Effort arm- distance between effort & fulcrum

  12. What parts of the body are used to create a lever? Fulcrum Effort Load Joints Muscles Resistance, gravity, weight

  13. Levers 1. First Class Lever: The fulcrum lies between the effort and load.

  14. 2. Second Class Lever: the fulcrum lies at one end with the effort at the other and the load in the middle. Ex. Standing heel raise Levers mechanical advantage is greater than 1, which means larger loads can be moved with less effort.

  15. 3. Third Class Levers: the effort lies between the load and the fulcrum. Levers Mechanical advantage is less than 1, which means more effort to move smaller loads.

  16. Human body and Levers Biceps flexion & triceps extension are antagonistic muscle actions. Each can work as a lever. What type of levers are acting on each side of the humerus? Draw a picture of each lever.

  17. Human body and Levers What type of lever is at the neck when you flex and extend?

  18. Human body and Levers What type of lever is at the toes joints when you go up on your toes?

  19. Types of Levers Levers

  20. Long leversresult in greater speed at the end of a limb. This in beneficial for throwing or striking an object. Short lever can be moved with less force and at a greater speed. This is beneficial for moving body parts quickly and applying strength for pushing, pulling and lifting. How can the length of a limb change the how a lever functions?

  21. In the human body, levers are made of joints (fulcrum) and the bones that connect them to the objects being moved. Levers in the human body can be manipulated to improve speed & apply large forces at the same time Can you think of any situation in the human body where this occurs? (hint: think about changing the length of a limb) . Running – lifting your foot and knee will create a shorter lever arm and increase speed. Boxing- flexing elbow creates a shorter lever arm and increase speed of a punch.

  22. Compare the throwing of a ball by hand and with the throwing of a ball with a jai alai basket, lax stick… Which is faster? About 95-100mph About 170mph Fastest shot 111mph lacrosse shot clip Lincecum clip Jai Alai clip

  23. How can a 5’10” pitcher be such a powerful pitcher? An excessively large stride increases the speed the arm can move as a 3rd class lever. See picture on next page. The normal stride length for a pitcher is 77% to 87% of his height. Lincecum's stride is 129%, some 7 1/2 feet

  24. Load Effort Fulcrum

  25. Vocabulary Scalar Vector Force Speed Velocity Acceleration Distance Displacement Momentum Impulse

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