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The Darkroom

The Darkroom. LeeAnn Pack DVM. The Darkroom. Everything should be keep clean Room should only be used as the darkroom Need plenty space – not bathroom Clean, dry, free of chemical hands Proper ventilation, humidity, temp. See the difference?. Safelights.

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The Darkroom

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  1. The Darkroom LeeAnn Pack DVM

  2. The Darkroom • Everything should be keep clean • Room should only be used as the darkroom • Need plenty space – not bathroom • Clean, dry, free of chemical hands • Proper ventilation, humidity, temp

  3. See the difference?

  4. Safelights • Illumination allowing people to see to develop film but will not cause film fog • Fog = unwanted blackening from light • Films sensitive to blue light  amber • Films sensitive to green light  red • Filters are used with a 15 Watt bulb

  5. Safelights • Should be a minimum of 4 feet from the work space • Filters can crack so must be checked • Different set ups for safelights

  6. Safelight Test • Know how to perform this test • Why might we do a safelight test?

  7. Why to NOT do manual processing • Labor intensive • People cut corners and produce bad rads • Inconsistent • Time consuming • Maintenance • Messy

  8. The Tanks • Developer • Rinse • Fixer • Wash

  9. Getting ready for development • Check tank levels • They should completely cover the films • Check developer tank temperature • Stir the tanks to stir the chemicals • Use different stick (paddles) • Remove film from cassette • Hold only by edges

  10. Then • Place film in an appropriate sized hanger • Small clips in corners pull film tight • Hook on bottom ones first

  11. Develop It • Silver halide crystals are reduced to metallic silver • Put film in, start timer, agitate film to dislodge air bubbles from surface • 5 minutes at 68 degrees F • Time temperature charts • Time and temperature are opposites

  12. Rinse It • Removed quickly from the developer and do not allow to drip back into developer tank • Allows for removal of excess developer • Agitate in the rinse for 15-30 seconds • Remove and allow to drain into rinse, not into fixer because it will cause fixer dilution

  13. Fix It • Fix for twice development time • Agitate to remove bubbles • Remove and do not allow to drain back into fixer tank • Fixer stops residual development • Preserves emulsion and allows for film storage

  14. Wash It • Need 10 water changes per hour • Film remains in wash for 15-20 minutes • Removes excess fixer

  15. Dry It • Room temperature or in a dryer • Dryer will be quicker • Excess drying can cause cracking of the emulsion • Do not allow to touch during drying • Cut off the nipples from the clips • Ready for storage

  16. Automatic Processing • All steps of the manual process are mechanically performed • Maintenance easy • 90 seconds to 7 minutes dry to dry time • More consistent radiographs • Less film artifacts • Reasonably priced

  17. How It Works • Built in heating element • Feed tray feeds film into a roller system • Roller system takes film through each tank • Time spent in each tank is determined by the settings of the gears and speed of the motor • Ends at the dryer • Chemicals are replenished after each film

  18. Patient Identification • Films are legal documents • Must be in the emulsion • Not written on afterwards • Hospital of Doctor name • Patient name • Date • Other info like breed, sex, age, owners name can be added but is not required

  19. Lead impregnated tape • Info. written on tape and the place on cassette • Lead identification markers • Make up name stick on white tape put on cassette – lose them they are small • Photoprinter • Inside cassette, screen missing upper right hand corner • Info. gets stamped onto the film with little flash of light into the film emulsion

  20. Film Storage • Organized manner • Labeling • Envelopes • Color coded • numbered

  21. Film Artifacts • Not part of the animal being radiographed • Introduced during film handling, storage, during the exposure or during development • Are unwanted and do not contribute anything useful to the image • They are often distracting

  22. Static • Rapidly pulling film from box or cassette • Low humidity – worse in winter • Should be 50-60% • Wool clothing • Screen cleaner • Trees, lightening

  23. Fog • Chemical fog • Light fog • Light leaks • Safelight crack • Scatter fog • Film left in room • Storage fog • Outdated film • Darkroom temp high

  24. Increased film densityFilm too black

  25. Decreased film densityFilm too light

  26. Localized area of increased film density

  27. Localized area of decreased film density

  28. Distorted, Magnified, or Blurred Images

  29. Loss of film contrast grey images

  30. Uneven film density

  31. Film Discoloration

  32. Tank Levels

  33. Misc.

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