Chapter 2 Enroute/Area Charts

1. Chapter 2Enroute/Area Charts

2. Chapter 2 Enroute/Aera Charts §2.1 Introduction §2.2 Layout of Enroute Charts §2.3 Navaids §2.4 Airway/Route components §2.5 Airports §2.6 Airspace

3. §2.7 Boundaries §2.8 Holding Pattern §2.9 Communication Procedures §2.10 Area Charts §2.11 RNAV Enroute Charts §2.12 Legends of Enroute Charts

4. §2.1 Introduction U.S.A Airways System

5. Enroute charts provide the information pilots need to: • Plan the route of flight • Keep track of their position • Maintain safe altitude • Ensure navigation signal reception

6. The information in enroute charts includes: • Airway sturcture • Controlled airspace limitation • Navaids • Airports • Communication frequencies • Minimum enroute altitude (MEA)/Minimum obstacle clearance altitude (MOCA)

7. Mileage • Reporting points • Special used airspace (SUA) • Other required information

8. § 2.1.1 Type of Enroute Charts 1.Low altitude enroute charts Low altitude enroute charts primarily depict the airspace between the minimum usable IFR altitude up to an altitude assigned by the controlling agency.

9. 2.High altitude enroute charts High altitude enroute charts display jet routes. The altitude limit for these charts vary, since high altitude airspace often differs from one country to another. For example, in the United States and Canada, the altitude limit for high altitude airspace begins at 18,000 feet MSL and extends up to FL450.

10. 3. High/low altitude enroute charts When space is allows, a chart may depict both High and Low altitude airspace. 4. Area charts Area charts are published for major terminal areas where the navaid and airway data is congested on the enroute chart.

11. §2.1.2 New Format Charts Since 1995, Jeppesen had been converting the old bi-color to a new muticolor enroute and area charts. Highlights between them include: • Muticolor printing; • Front panels redesigned to use space effectively; • IFR airport shown in blue; VFR airport shown in green; • Area fill for open water improves distinction between water and land masses.

13. §2.1.3 Selecting an Enroute Chart The first step, however, is to turn to the Enroute Tab in your Airway Manual. The Enroute Table of Contents page found behind this tab lists the various pages relating to enroute operations filed in your manual.

15. U.S. low altitude Enroute chart index

16. U.S. High altitude Enroute chart index

17. §2.2 Layout of Enroute Charts§2.2.1 Front and Back Panel Front Panel

18. Back Panel

19. Information typically found on the front and back panel includes the: • Heading Information • Coverage Index Diagram • Changes Note • Communications Tabulations • SUA Tabulations • Cruising Altitudes/Levels • Cross-Reference Notes

20. §2.2.1.1 Heading Information In addition to the region of coverage and chart type, the enroute chart heading information includes three important chart components: • Number • Scale • Dates

22. §2.2.1.2 Coverage Index Diagram 1.Chart boundaries 2.Major cities 3.Political/state boundaries 4.Time zones 5.Area chart 6.Chart usage statement

23. §2.2.1.3 Change note A changes note highlights significant items that have been modified on the chart since the last revision for each chart.

24. §2.2.1.4 Communications Tabulations Each enroute chart contains a tabulation of air traffic control (ATC) communicationservices and frequencies within its coverage. The information includes frequencies and voice/radio call names for approach, departure, tower, and ground control, as well as services availability.

26. √ √ √ √

27. Communication information of any given geographic region is described in the Comm Tabs. In general, this information includes: • City name • Area chart code • Code of the section of the panel • Call name • Communication services

28. P=Panel • 4=The panel number • B=The section of the panel

29. §2.2.1.5 SUA Tabulations The back panel of the enroute chart typically contains SUA tabulations above the cruising altitude symbol. However, in cases where chart congestion limits the amount of room, the Airspace Tabulations may be cross referenced . The Airspace Tabulation may contain separate listings for • Special Use Airspace • Limits, Classifications, and Restrictions of Designated Airspace • Terminal Airspace

32. §2.2.1.6 Cruising Altitudes/Levels A reminder showing the appropriate cruising altitudes or flight levels for VFR and IFR flight is included at the bottom of the back panel.

33. This information is in the form of a cruising altitude rose (sometimes referred to as a “quad rose”) with magnetic or true bearing sectors. Bearings are magnetic unless followed by a “T”. In the United States, the degrees apply to the magnetic course and not the magnetic heading, but this varies occasionally for international operations and will be noted otherwise.

34. The recommended altitudes for the direction of flight are contained within each sector of the cruising altitude rose. In this example, traffic heading 180 degrees to 359 degrees, or west, should fly at even thousand altitudes. Traffic heading 360 degrees to 179 degrees, or east, should fly at odd thousand altitudes.

35. Cruising altitudes may be reported in feet, flight levels (hundreds of feet), and/or meters. You may also see the notation ”EQUAL FLs ”. This simply means cruising altitudes can also be reported in equivalent flight level measurements, for example, FL200 instead of 20,000’. On many charts outside the United States, a conversion table is also included to help convert feet to meters and vice versa.

37. §2.2.1.7 Cross-Reference Notes Due to space limitations, you may see the cross-reference notes on the front and back panel.

38. §2.2.1.8 Other Special Instructions Other special instructions may be provided on the front and back panel of some series enroute charts, due to requirements of some special rules of country in the coverage.

40. §2.2.2 Orientation The primary orientation elements on the enroute charts are the: • Latitude and longitude grid • Magnetic variation line • Minimum off-route altitude grid (Grid MORA) • Limited topographic information

42. §2.2.3 Border Information Before you examine the symbols on the face of the chart, you can find important information in the border of the chart, outside the chart margins. The chart border may include: • Chart Scale • Projection Note • Panel Names and Numbers

44. §2.2.4 Panel Navigation There is some panel navigation information in the enroute chart border. Once you have needed chart in hand, there are several ways to quickly find the information that you may need, including: • ZIGDEX and Panel Numbers • Enroute chart overlap indicators • Area chart overlap indicators • “To Notes”

47. §2.3 Navaids Navigation Aids (navaids) are presented in a similar manner on all Jeppesen charts. They are represented by a symbol defining the type of installation, communications information, and, depending on the chart series, supplemental information consisting of geographical coordinates, elevation, and magnetic variation or station declination.

48. The Navaid components covered in this lesson include: • Symbology • Facility Information Boxes • Communications

49. §2.3.1 Symbology The symbols of navaids shown as green in their descriptions below are printed in green on multicolor charts. All symbols are blue on single color charts. The variation in the color of the navaid symbology does not affect its meaning or use. Often you may find navaid symbology overlapping on an enroute chart and color variation is used to increase legibility.

50. VOR on Low and High/Low Charts • VOR on High Charts • VORTAC or VORDME • TACAN or DME • NDB on Low and High/Low Charts • NDB on High Charts • Compass Locator • Localizer • Marker beacons • GPS as a substitute