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Imperialism in Africa

Imperialism in Africa. Modern World History Ms. Galvin and Ms. Corcoran Chapter 11. Imperialism. Imperialism is when a stronger country takes over a weaker country . The stronger country then takes political , economic , and social control over the colony.

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Imperialism in Africa

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  1. Imperialism in Africa Modern World History Ms. Galvin and Ms. Corcoran Chapter 11

  2. Imperialism • Imperialismis when a stronger country takes over a weaker country. • The stronger country then takes political, economic, and social control over the colony

  3. Africa Before European Domination • Before the 1800s and European domination: • Many different ethnicities and languages. • Many different religions (Christianity, Islam, local religions) • Large empires and small villages

  4. African Trade (15th c.-17th c.)

  5. Factors Preventing European Expansion in Africa (before 1800s) • Powerful African Armies • Difficult rivers • Disease • African traders brought slaves to the Europeans on the coast

  6. Raw Materials New Markets Industrial Revolution European Nationalism Forces Driving Imperialism Missionary Activity European Racism “Civilize” others End Slavery “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

  7. The Scramble for Africa Begins • Europeans REALLY started to compete for Africa starting in the 1880s • Europeans wanted raw materials: • gold and diamonds • rubber • tin and copper

  8. The Berlin Conference, 1884-85 • 14 European countries • Set up the rules for dividing Africa to avoid war between Europeans • No African leaders were included.

  9. Leopold II and the Belgian Congo • King Leopold II got control of the Congo in the 1880s • Claimed he was trying to end the slave trade and spread Christianity • In reality, he took control of the rubber trade to make money. 80x larger than Belgium!

  10. The Rubber Trade A Worker Being Punished Harvesting Rubber Victims of Belgian Imperialism

  11. At least 10 million dead… • American missionary, Joseph Clark said of the Congo: • It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit.

  12. From Punch magazine, 1906

  13. The Struggle for South Africa • In South Africa there was conflict between native Africans, Dutch settlers, and the British • The Zulus controlled most of southern Africa, but were conquered by the British in 1887.

  14. The Boers • The Dutch first settled in South Africa in the 1600s • The Dutch settlers became known as the Boers. They are also known as Afrikaners. • The Dutch established large farms and used slave labor. • The British took over and outlawed slavery. The Boers were unhappy.

  15. The Road to the Boer War • Boers moved north to escape the British. • Gold and diamonds were discovered on their new land and the British moved in. • Boers declared war against Britain in 1899.

  16. Boer War, 1899-1902 • Both sides used “dirty” tactics • Britain won • The Boer republics became part of the Union of South Africa with some home rule.

  17. African Resistance • Algeria fought against the French for almost 50 years • SamoriTouréled resistance against French in West Africa for 16 years.

  18. The Maji-Maji Rebellion • Took place in German- controlled East Africa • The Native population upset about being forced to grow cash-crops • In the early 1900s, a religious belief spread that magic water could stop German bullets • 20 different groups fought the Germans • The fighting and famine killed thousands

  19. Ethiopia Succeeds! • Menelik II ruled Ethiopia from 1889-1913 • Italians, French, British all wanted to control Ethiopia Menelik used this to his advantage • Bought modern weapons from France and Russia • After Italy tried to “trick” Menelik, he declared war against them. • Ethiopia defeated Italy in 1896. • Ethiopia remained independent.

  20. Negative Effects of Imperialism • Africans lost land and independence • Death through disease, famine, and resistance • Famine created by focus on cash-crops • Traditional cultures destroyed • Division of continent with artificial boundaries • Many modern conflicts are connected to this

  21. Positive Effects of Imperialism • Reduced local fighting • Humanitarian efforts • Improved sanitation • Built hospitals • Increased education • Economic growth • New Technology • Railroads, dams, telephone and telegraph

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