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Impact of Imperialism: Africa's Diverse History and Legacy

Explore Africa's rich history of imperialism through case studies of Congo and South Africa. Learn about motives, methods, and aftermath of European domination, reflecting on present-day challenges and the importance of unity and equality.

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Impact of Imperialism: Africa's Diverse History and Legacy

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  1. Imperialism in Africa

  2. Before Imperialism • Diversity • 1,000 languages and groups • Various sizes of political bodies (from villages to empires) • Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions • Europeans enter the scene 1450 AD • They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies • Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia

  3. Explorer Dr. David Livingstone • Goal = “Christianity, commerce and civilization” to Africa • Three trips into Africa (1841-73) • Wrote travel-adventure books about Africa’s beauty and vast natural resources • “Discovered” Victoria Falls

  4. The Scramble for Africa A 33 year period from about 1881 to 1914 when European powers conquered nearly all of Africa.

  5. The Berlin Conference1884-1885 • What: Meeting hosted by Otto von Bismarck, leader of Germany, to make rules for claiming territory in Africa. • Rules created: • Colonies had to be "effectively occupied” (planting a flag does not equal ownership) • Had to defend and administer the area • By 1913, only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent

  6. Imperialism in Africa Case Studies

  7. Opening What happens to people who don’t unite against a common threat?

  8. Let’s look at a few specific case studies of imperialism in Africa

  9. Case Study: The Congo

  10. Case Study: The CongoBefore Imperialism • Rain forest, plateau • Early site of iron and copper work • Bantu speaking peoples • Traded in ivory, people for slavery

  11. Case Study: The CongoMotives for Imperialism • Belgian King Leopold II • Economic • Rubber for shoes and gloves, but especially automobile tires • Ivory, iron, copper • Ideological • Claimed he wanted to “end the slave trade”

  12. Case Study: The CongoMethods of Imperialism • Belgian King Leopold II • Enslaved native Africans • Ordered the “Force Publique” to beat, mutilate and kill to meet quotas for rubber and ivory • Millions were killed

  13. Case Study: The CongoAfter Imperialism

  14. Case Study: The CongoAfter Imperialism • Today • Civil war continues • 5 million killed • 45,000 killed per month • Attacks on civilians • Millions of refugees • Child soldiers • Rape used as a method of warfare (200,000 reported) • One of the poorest countries in the world

  15. Closing Considering what happened in the Congo, people should unite against a common threat because…

  16. Opening What happens if you have two plants, but only water one of them?

  17. Case Study: South Africa

  18. Case Study: South AfricaBefore Imperialism • Early human sites • United by Shaka Zulu • “Cape of Good Hope” was a key port for Europeans on the way to trade in Asia • Dutch settlers called the Boers arrived in 1652

  19. Case Study: South AfricaMotives for Imperialism • Political Motive • Strategic location • Economic Motives • 1. Diamonds - 1867 • 2. Gold -1886

  20. Case Study: South AfricaMethods of Imperialism • British vs. Zulu (Blacks) • Zulu nearly win with spears and shields! • Zulu lose kingdom (1879) submit to British (1887) • British vs. Boers (Dutch) • Boer War (1899 – 1910) • Racial Discrimination

  21. Case Study: South AfricaAfter Imperialism • Independence from Britain (1910) • Racial Discrimination (1910 – 1948) • Laws restricting voting, housing, property, schooling, jobs… • Apartheid (1948 – 1994) • Segregation of whites, blacks and mixed people ends with Nelson Mandela

  22. Case Study: South AfricaAfter Imperialism • Today • 80% Black • Developing Nation • Economic growth – success story • Huge wealth/income gaps remain between racial groups

  23. Closing Considering what happened in South Africa, people should water all their plants because…

  24. Opening Can someone be forced to change?

  25. Case Study: Ivory Coast

  26. Case Study: Ivory CoastBefore Imperialism • Large rich societies • Kong Empire • Gyaaman • Baoule • Islam, traditional religions • Transatlantic slave trade (1500 – 1870)

  27. Case Study: Ivory CoastBefore Imperialism To slavery in the Americas

  28. Case Study: Ivory CoastMotives for Imperialism • Political Motive • France wanted all of West Africa • Ideological • Wanted to make West Africa French • Economic Motive • Natural resources – people for slavery, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and IVORY

  29. Case Study: Ivory CoastMethods of Imperialism • Faster Transportation • Controlled trade on the rivers and in and out of the country’s ports • Assimilation • Forced Africans to learn French language, culture and Christianity

  30. Case Study: Ivory CoastAfter Imperialism • Independence from France (1960) • Official language is French • Islam, Christianity and traditional religions are practiced

  31. Closing Considering what happened in the Ivory Coast, people should not force others to change because…

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