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WedNesday January 11 th 2012

WedNesday January 11 th 2012. QU: How did you study for this test? **Turn in chapter review and binder** **Word Search due tomorrow** OBJ: Ch 7 Cellular Respiration Test

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WedNesday January 11 th 2012

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  1. WedNesday January 11th 2012 • QU: How did you study for this test? **Turn in chapter review and binder** **Word Search due tomorrow** • OBJ: Ch 7 Cellular Respiration Test “Currently, there are about 50,000 wolves in Canada; 6,500 in Alaska; and 3,500 in the lower 48 States. In Europe, Italy has fewer than 300; Spain around 2,000; and Norway and Sweden combined have fewer than 80. There are about 700 wolves in Poland and 70,000 in Russia.”

  2. Thursday January 10th 2013 • QU: Why do plants have leaves? *Chapter 8 Test Next Thursday (Jan 17)* *Turn word search in to homework bin* **Quiz Tomorrow on the Packet from today** • OBJ: Anatomy of A Leaf Notes, Structure of a Cholorplast In the few signatures that have survived, Shakespeare spelled his name “WillmShaksp,” “William Shakespe,” “Wm Shakspe,” “William Shakspere,” ”WillmShakspere,” and “William Shakspeare”—but never “William Shakespeare.”

  3. Syringa Leaf Tulip Bottom Epidermis

  4. Chloroplast Structure (cont.) • Thylakoids: disk-shaped sacs where the light reactions occur. • Think pancakes (yummmm) with hollow insides • Granum: Name for a stack of thylakoids • Think pancake house…stacks of pancakes with hollow insides

  5. Chloroplast Structure • Thylakoid: gets it’s strength from the molecules in it’s membrane! • Contains Chlorophyll: Pigment that gives chloroplast its green color and captures light energy

  6. Chloroplast Structure • Stroma: Thick fluid enclosed by the inner membrane. • Where the Calvin Cycle Occurs (yaaay another cycle)

  7. Photosynthesis • From Ch. 7 we know that • Heterotrophs receive their energy from Autotrophs. • Heterotrophs eat for food to make energy • Autotrophs can’t stand up and put food into their mouths • They have to MAKE their own food (glucose for energy)!! **They also create all of the energy that you and I must have**

  8. Tools of the autoroph… • Autotrophs use: • Carbon Dioxide---From the environment • Water---From the environment • Sunlight---From the environment • Their Leaves---(This is the “auto” part) **The CO2 enters through the leaves**

  9. How does the CO2 get in the leaf? • Stomata (singular stoma): Tiny holes on the bottom side of the leaf. • Let in Carbon Dioxide • Release Oxygen **Why is it important that the stoma is on the bottom of the leaf?**

  10. Stomata (cont.) • Located on bottom surface of the leaf in order to avoid direct sunlight. • The holes allow for evaporation too much heat allows for too much loss of water. • Guard Cells: Surround stomata and regulate opening size to help “guard” against transpiration.

  11. Check List • Things the autotroph needs checklist: • Carbon Dioxide: Enters through Stomata • Water: • Sunlight:

  12. So we have CO2 we need H20 • The plant brings H2O in through veins (phloem) from its roots

  13. Check List • Things the autotroph needs checklist: • Carbon Dioxide: Enters through Stomata • Water: Brought via veins from plants’ roots • Sunlight:

  14. How do we capture sunlight? • Have to go alllll the way back to the unit on Cells!! • What organelle does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not???

  15. Well…Chloroplasts of course! • Chloroplast: Organelle where photosynthesis occurs. **Its structure is key to its function**

  16. So we have dealt with the reactants…. • NOW what about the products? • Oxygen: Where does it go when its produced? • Glucose: Where does it go/what does it do?

  17. Friday January 11th 2013 • QU: What is the point of photosynthesis? *Start your Midterm Review* *Photosynthesis Test Next WedNesday* • OBJ: Quiz, Photosynthesis Notes

  18. What exactly is Photosynthesis? • Photosynthesis: process by which producers convert energy of sunlight into the energy stored in organic molecules. • It is an endogenic (uses energy), anabolic (builds a larger molecule) reaction resulting in the production of glucose and oxygen. 6Carbon Dioxide+6Water+LightGlucose+6Oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  19. When does Photosynthesis occur? • An autotroph completes photosynthesis when it needs food for energy (growth and repair) • There are two steps of photosynthesis • 1. The Light Reactions: Need light to occur • 2. The Calvin Cycle: Do not need light (usually occurs during the day)

  20. Where does Photosynthesis occur? • In the chloroplasts • What layer of the leaf contains the most chloroplasts and completes photosynthesis? • Light Reactions: Occur in the membrane of thylakoids • Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions): Occurs in the stroma

  21. The Light Reactions • In the thylakoid membranes • Convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH. • The light reactions use the reactant water from the equation and release the product oxygen.

  22. The Calvin cycle • In the stroma • Uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide to sugar

  23. Inputs and Outputs (Reactant and Products) • With each turn of the Calvin cycle, there are chemical inputs andoutputs. • The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions.

  24. Calvin CycleInputs • The Calvin cycle uses carbon from the carbon dioxide, energy from the ATP, and high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from the NADPH.

  25. Calvin CycleOutputs • Is an energy-rich sugar molecule. That sugar is not yet glucose, but a smaller sugar named G3P. • The plant cell uses G3P as the raw material to make glucose and other organic molecules it needs.

  26. Flow of Energy • By converting light energy to chemical energy, photosynthesis is the first step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem.

  27. Some of that chemical energy then passes from producers to consumers. Even when people eat meat, you can trace its stored energy back to photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the ultimate source of all the food you eat and all the oxygen you breathe.

  28. The energy produced by the sun reaches the earth as electromagnetic radiation. • Examples: Radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and x rays • Energy travels in particles

  29. Visible light • A very small part of this spectrum can be seen by the human eye • Called visible light. Almost all life depends ultimately on this part of the spectrum for its energy.

  30. Monday January 14th 2012 • QU: What is the equation for cellular respiration? For Photosynthesis? • OBJ: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration *Chapter 8 Test WEDNESDAY(Jan 16)*

  31. Tuesday January 15th 2012 • QU: **Chapter 8 Test Tomorrow** **Chapter Review Due WedNesday** **Binder Due Day of Midterm** • OBJ: Review of Photosynthesis “Because the expansion of the railroad in the 1800s allowed more people to visit the sea side, the railroad was a major factor in creating a need for swimwear.”

  32. Binder Organization Sheet Subject: Ch. 8 Photosynthesis Name:___________ 1.)Syllabus 2.)Ch. 8 Word Search 3.) Anatomy of a Leaf Note Packet 4.)Photosynthesis Hand Written Notes 5.) Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheet 6.) Photosynthesis Graphic Organizer and Practice Quiz “Four times in the history of presidential elections, the candidate who won the most popular votes has not been elected president. This occurred in the 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000 elections.” **Binder Due Day of your Midterm**

  33. WedNesay January 16th 2013 • QU: How did you study for this test? **Turn in Ch 8 Review** **Binder Due Day of your Midterm** • OBJ: Ch 8 Photosynthesis Test “Much has been written about the coincidences between assassinated Presidents Kennedy and Lincoln, including the fact that Lincoln was in Box 7 at Ford’s Theatre and Kennedy was in Car 7 of the Dallas motorcade.”

  34. Thursday January 21st 2011 • QU: Which topic/chapter are you the strongest at? The weakest? • OBJ: Station Review “According to the Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, Shakespeare wrote about one-tenth of the most quotable quotations ever written or spoken in English.”

  35. Friday January 20th 2012 • QU: **Binder Due Day of your Midterm** • OBJ: Review for Final “President Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) was reportedly involved in over 100 duels, most to defend the honor of his wife, Rachel. He had a bullet in his chest from an 1806 duel and another bullet in his arm from a barroom fight in 1813 with Missouri senator Thomas Hart Benton.”

  36. Recap of All Photosynthesis

  37. Visible Light and the ETC

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