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IOT Technologies and Design

This guide provides an overview of IoT technologies, including Bluetooth, LTE, Satellite Communication, and more. It covers design considerations, chip and module vendors, antenna parameters, regulatory testing requirements, and network certifications.

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IOT Technologies and Design

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  1. IOT Technologies and Design WeiminPeng JWC technologies, Inc. www.jwctech.com (972)207-0917

  2. IOT Market

  3. Bluetooth Devices • Blue tooth Based low energy devices (Personal devices) • The devices are mobile • Connected with the phone • Examples: • key tracker (tile, nut, etc.) • fitness band, • Bluetooth watch Cloud computing and storage keeps track of the account profile, location, security etc. LTE-connection Bluetooth

  4. Smart Home Devices Connectivity • WiFi/Cloud based devices • These devices are not mobile • Examples: • Door bell(ring), • Nest Learning Thermostat • Wifi smart power plug • Wifi Garage door opener LTE-Conection Internet Wifi

  5. LPWAN(NB-IOT/Sigfox/LoraWan) • 3 competing Technologies: • LTE CAT M, LTE NB • Lora • Sigfox • Provides Low Power Wan Connectivity • Examples: • Luggage tracker (Using LTE-cat M1, or LTE NB) • Pet Tracker • Utilities/Automated Meter Reading/Smart Grids • Asset Tracking • Elderly Tracker

  6. Satellite Communication • Satellite communication Services (Global Satellite/GPS) • Players: Globalstar, Iridium, Satcom Direct, etc. • Asset tracking

  7. LTE CAT M vs.NB-IOT Note: The major difference between LTE CAT M and LTE-NB is the data rate. The LTE CAT M has higher throughput, which make the OTA (Over The Air software update) possible. The cost is the bandwidth (translate into subscription cost) and battery life

  8. LoRaWAN and Sigfox LoRa is a proprietary modulation system sold by Semtech corporation. They are defacto the only chipset manufacturer or license holder for LoRa. Sigfox is a startup and provides end-end serivces (both end user chip set and backbone services).

  9. Put it together

  10. IOT Design Consideration • Technologies – Bluetooth, BLE, Zigbee, Wifi 2.4/5G, LPWan(NB-IOT, LoRa, Sigfox), Satellite Connectivity (Globalstar, Iridium, OrbComm), GPS positioning, etc. • Cost Control and Time to Market • Chip Vendor Selection (A good/detailed evaluation will save you months or years of extra effort) • Make sure your chip vendor is widely supported. • Performance trade-offs: Processor/Memory/cost/power/realstate • Antenna – Performance vs. size, cost • FCC/IC/CE/PTCRB – should be controlled from the beginning of the design. • Testing, Manufacturing and Quality Control

  11. Technology and Vendors • Bluetooth • Classic Bluetooth V3.X, constant connection with medium throughput, mostly used for audio/headset. • Bluetooth low energy V4.X, duty-cycled connection, low power/low data rate. Widely used for smart watch, waist band, etc. • Major Vendors: Qualcomm (CSR), TI, Mediatek, Dialog Semi, Nordic, Cypress, etc. • Module Vendors: Murata, etc. (Save the FCC test) • WIFI • TI, Marvell, Cypress, Intel, Gainspan, MediaTek, Microchip, Qualcomm (NXP, Atheros, CSR), Radpine, STMicro, • Module Vendors: Murata, etc. • GPS • Ublox, STMicro, MediaTek, SiRF, Intel, Qualcomm

  12. Technology and Vendors • LTE M1/NB • Chip Vendor: Qualcomm, Intel, Huawei, etc. • Module Vendor: Sierra Wireless, Telit, Gemoalto, Ublox, Quectel, etc. • LoRaWAN & sigfox • LoRaWAN: Semtech European IP • LoRa Alliance LoRaWAN spec. • Sigfox is a startup with a lower data rate, technologies, • Satellite: • Globalstar, Iridium, Satcom Direct, etc.

  13. Antenna • Antenna is the key. • The IOT use different antennas at different frequency • WIFI: 2400-2480Mhz/5.0-6.0Ghz • Bluetooth: 2400-2480Mhz • GPS/GLONAS: 1575.24±5Mhz/1602±5Mhz • LoRaWAN/Sigfox: 900Mhz ISM band • LTE CAT M1/NB: LTE band 2,4,13,… for Verizon, 2,4,12,… for AT&T etc. Which is corresponding 1600Mhz – 2300Mhz & 698Mhz – 900Mhz range. • Antenna has to be purchased/designed with tradeoffs in mind • Frequency, Bandwidth/efficiency and Size

  14. Antenna Parameters Frequency and Bandwidth Return loss (SWR) Efficiency Directivity (Omni-directional) Polarity

  15. JWC Technologies - Antenna Vendorwww.jwctech.com • Best in-class (Performance/cost) • Free tuning services • Flextronics preferred vendor. • Product line • GPS/GLONAS: • WIFI/Bluetooth, • LoRaWan/Sigfox/ERT Radio • GSM/LTE • VHF/UHF • Automotive Antennas

  16. FCC/IC/CE Regulatory Testing • FCC Part 15. Subpart B. • Un-intentional Radiator. • Class A: Commercial • Class B: Residential • Need to take into consideration in the beginning of design • FCC Part 15. Subpart C. • Intentional Radiator. • In the unlicensed band 900Mhz, 2.4G, etc. • With low power • FCC Part 1, Subpart I (CRF1.1310) • SAR limit (Specific Absorption Rate) if the device is <20cm from human boday – max 1.6W/Kg averaged over 1 gram cube • Modular Approval – use pre-approved module to start with (Murata offers pre-approved bluetooth, WIFI modules).

  17. Network Certification for GSM/LTE • Network Certification is enforced by carrier such as AT&T, Verison, T-mobile. • PTCRB (PCS Type Certification Review Board ): AT&T, T-mobile • Verizon ODI (Open Developer Initiative) • Global Certification Forum (GCF): International • CTIA OTA: Reference Standard. • Network Certificatoin consists of OTA, RSE(Radio Spurious Emission) and SIM. The challenging part is the OTA: • TRP (total radiated power): validate the performance of the cellular transmitter and antenna integration. • TIS (Total Isotropic Sensitivity): validate the performance of the cellular receiver and antenna integration.

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