RESOURCES of TECHNOLOGY

1. RESOURCES of TECHNOLOGY P.I.M.T.E.C.T.

2. What are Resources? • Resources are the things we need to get the job done. • What kinds of things (resources) can you think of that we need?

3. The 7 Resources of Technology • Every technological process involves the use of these seven resources. • PEOPLE • INFORMATION • MATERIALS • TOOLS & MACHINES • ENERGY • CAPITAL • TIME

4. PEOPLE • Knowledge and Intelligence • Human intelligence and creativity are the keys to new technologicaldevelopment. • Consumers • People consume millions, buy millions and spend millions. • Labor • People provide the labor in which our industries depend.

5. INFORMATION • History • People do not throw away the old technology; they build on it. • Stone Age, Bronze age, Iron age, Pre-Industrial Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Recent history. • As Technology has changed, so have the ways people live.

6. INFORMATION • Some people say that our KNOWLEDGE BASE (all the facts known to people today) is doubling every two or three years. • When something changes and keeps changing at a faster and faster rate we call this Exponential Rate of Change.

7. INFORMATION • Homework: on a separate piece of paper, calculate the answer to the following questions. For your birthday • One Thousand Dollars a day, (every day) until next year’s birthday. • You are given One Penny, then twice as many pennies every day, for thirty days. • Day 1 = 1 penny, Day 2 = 2 pennies, Day 3 = 4 pennies… so far you have 7 pennies. Day 1 + Day 2 + Day 3 = 7 pennies

8. INFORMATION • Because the knowledge base is so large and is growing, it is important to learn where and how to find information. Can you name some sources where we can find information? • Books, Internet, Museums… • * Remember… information by itself is not valuable, it becomes valuable when we USE it. We need to process information by collecting it, considering what it means, and applying it to satisfy our need and wants.

9. MATERIALS • Natural resources (raw materials) • Supplies readily available in the United States: • timber, coal, iron, natural gas, • Imported from other countries: • platinum, industrial diamonds, • nickel, cobalt, aluminum...

10. MATERIALS • Renewable Vs. Non-renewable • Things that can be grown or replaced: • timber, natural rubber, plants and animals • Things that can not be grown or replaced: • coal, oil, gas, minerals, metal ore

11. MATERIALS • Limited Vs. Unlimited • Some resources are available in great supply (sand, iron ore, clay) while other’s are not. We have to begin to make proper choices to use materials that are plentiful instead of materials that are scarce. • Is water a limited or unlimited resource?

12. MATERIALS • Synthetic • These are materials that have been made in a laboratory. They are substitutes for some nonrenewable resources. • Synthetic materials are sometimes better than raw materials. They can be made more cheaply, be stronger, lighter and be made more long-lasting. • Some synthetic materials - nylon,Teflon, gasoline, H2O repellant clothes, industrial diamonds.

13. TOOLS & MACHINES • Tools extend our natural capabilities. Tools are resources that may be used to process or maintain other resources. • Machines change the amount of speed or direction of a force.

14. TOOLS • Hand tools - are the least complicated tools. They rely on human muscle power to make them work. Hand tools extend the power of human muscle. • Some hand tools are: hammers, saws, and screwdrivers.

15. TOOLS • Electronic Tools - some are used for testing and troubleshooting electrical circuits. Other’s can control industrial machinery. • Some electronic are: amp meter, or computers.

16. TOOLS • Optical Tools - can extend the power of the human eye, others transmit very strong bursts of light energy. Light energy can be used for accurate measuring, cutting, welding, and communicating over long distances. • Some optical tools are: the microscope, or laser.

17. MACHINES • Early machines were mechanical devices. They made use of the principles of the six simple machines: • lever • wheel and axle • pulley • screw • wedge • inclined plane

18. MACHINES • Many modern machines have moving mechanical parts while some machines, involve the movement of particles of electricity, called electrons. • Some machines use electrical energy to move mechanical parts (like machines that use electrical motors) • These machines are called Electromechanical devices.

19. SIX SIMPLE MACHINES • LEVER • A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum. • A lever lifts or moves loads. ex. shovel, bottle opener, or a crowbar. LEVER

20. SIX SIMPLE MACHINES • WHEEL and AXLE • A wheel and axle is a wheel with a rod, called an axle, through it’s center: both parts move together. • A wheel and axle lifts or moves loads. ex. doorknob, bike or a pencil sharpener. WHEEL and AXEL

21. SIX SIMPLE MACHINES • PULLEY • A pulley is a grooved wheel with a rope or cable around it. A single pulley changes direction, not amount of force. • A pulley moves things up, down or across. • ex. flag pole, tow truck PULLEYPULLEYPULLEY

22. SIX SIMPLE MACHINES • Combination of Pulleys • changes direction and force • Block and Tackle • provides mechanical advantage • ex. crane

23. SIX SIMPLE MACHINES • SCREW • a screw converts rotary motion to linear (in-out) motion. • A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or rod. • ex. jar lid, corkscrew SCREW

24. SIX SIMPLE MACHINES • INCLINED PLANE • A slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher level. • Things move up or down it. • ex. stairs, slide, and a slope INCLINED PLANE

25. SIX SIMPLE MACHINES • WEDGE • An object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge. • A wedge cuts or spreads an object apart. • ex. knife, nail or axe WEDGE

26. ENERGY • Define ENERGY? • Energy is the ability to do work. • Define WORK? • Work is what causes change. This would account for objects being moved, for cold objects becoming hot, or for darkness to be lighted. • Work involves CHANGE, MOVEMENT or SUPPORT.

27. ENERGY • Energy can be classified in two ways. Potential and Kinetic. • Potential energy is energy at rest waiting to do work. (stored energy) • Example: A spring, wood, coal or uranium • Kinetic energy is energy in motion. • Example: A moving bicycle (mechanical energy) or a fan (electrical energy)

28. ENERGY • Looking around us we can see a great deal of energy being used and changes occurring. Give a few examples. • The sun light heating the earth, the wind causing the trees to bend, water moving from higher ground to lower ground. • There are three types of sources of energy: Non-renewable, Renewable, and Inexhaustible.

29. ENERGY • Where does Energy come from? • The sun. Wind, solar, water energy, and even fossil fuels. • Homework: • What would your life be without electricity?

30. ENERGY • FORMS of ENERGY. Can you name some? • Mechanical energy • a hammer driving a nail, a leaf falling from a tree, or a rocket flying in space • Heat energy (thermal) • to cook our food, power our cars or a hot air balloon

31. ENERGY • Light energy • Photosynthesis, or photovoltaic cells • Chemical energy • fossil fuels, burning, batteries, even converting food we eat

32. ENERGY • Electrical energy • converts into light, mechanical, and thermal energies. Light bulb, electrical motors, and electric stoves • Nuclear energy • nuclear power plants (converts into heat energy to drive steam turbines), in medicine (radiation therapy) or in our submarines

33. ENERGY • How can we save energy? • Conserving, developing alternative energy sources. • What can we do to save energy? • Develop new energy conserving technologies, recycling, making machines more efficient, using more alternative energy sources.

34. ENERGY • What are Alternative energies? Can you name a few? • Solar energy, wind energy,hydroelectric energy, biomass, energy from the ocean, hydrogen, geothermal energy. • These are Inexhaustible Energy sources

35. ENERGY • Solar: • solar panels and photovoltaic cells. • Hydroelectric: • dams and reservoirs, both utilize water turbines. • Wind: • windmills and wind turbines.

36. ENERGY • Oceans: • tides, ocean thermal energy, and solar salt ponds. • Hydrogen: • hard to produce. • Geothermal: • geysers or hot springs.

37. ENERGY Lets do a project WIND TURBINES

38. CAPITIAL • What is Capital? • Any form of wealth is a capital resource. • Examples: cash, shares of stock, buildings, pieces of equipment and land. • What is Capital used for? • Producing a product, to grow food, or to transport goods or people.

39. CAPITIAL • Even if you had all the resources available to you it still takes capital to start a business. • Where or how could you raise capital? • Selling stocks or borrowing from lenders.

40. CAPITIAL • When investors buy stock from a company, they provide the company with operating capital (money to do business with). The investors then become part owners (shareholders) in the company.

41. CAPITIAL • Shareholders expect that the company will make a profit, if it does their stock is worth more. Some companies distribute some of the profit back to shareholders as dividends. • Homework: What are dividends?

42. CAPITIAL • Some companies borrow capital from banks. When capital is borrowed banks charge interest. When a company borrows capital and pays interest, it expects that its profits will be high enough to justify the cost of the interest. • Homework: What is interest? How does it work?

43. CAPITIAL • Remember, even after a company is making a profit (money left over after the bill are paid), it must continue to pay for the other resources it uses. • Homework: Name other resources that companies use?

44. TIME • How was time measured during prehistoric times? • The rising and setting of the sun • During the Middle Ages, the water clock was invented. Soon the world was ruled by clocks and schedules.

45. TIME • How was time measured during the agricultural era? • in days. • In the industrial era, time was measured in - - • hours, minutes and seconds.

46. TIME • Now that we are in the information age, time is a very precious resource. We can accomplish a great deal in a very short time using modern machines and devices. • Give some examples of modern machines and devices. • The increased importance of time as a resource is one of the striking trademarks of our information age.

47. RESOURCES of TECHNOLOGY THE END

48. SUMMARY • PEOPLE’s needs drive technology. Human beings design and create technology using knowledge and intelligence. People can make policies that promote or limit technological growth, and people are the consumers of technology.

49. SUMMARY • We use INFORMATION to solve problems, to create new knowledge, and to develop procedures and techniques. Information can be turned into knowledge by people who give it meaning. Information comes from raw data. The data is processed by collecting, recording, classifying, calculating, storing and retrieving it.

50. SUMMARY • Summarize any actions required of your audience • Summarize any follow up action items required of you