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BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africa

BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africa. PROF. DR. PETER NOVAK ENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANA SLOVENIA http://www.let-group.com/iss09/iss.nsf/ae76a4ee10890d4bc1256fb9005f74fe/cc0e39f1fed7a856c125756f0040e1e6/$FILE/BIG%20SUN%20Project%E2%80%93Solar%20power%20from%20%20North%20Africa_s.ppt.

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BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africa

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  1. BIG SUN – solar power from Nord Africa PROF. DR. PETER NOVAK ENERGOTECH, LJUBLJANA SLOVENIA http://www.let-group.com/iss09/iss.nsf/ae76a4ee10890d4bc1256fb9005f74fe/cc0e39f1fed7a856c125756f0040e1e6/$FILE/BIG%20SUN%20Project%E2%80%93Solar%20power%20from%20%20North%20Africa_s.ppt P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  2. ROLE OF ELECTRICITY IN SOCIETIES • ELECTRICITY is a basic final energy need for present and future societies • ELECTRICITYproduction/ consumption GROWTH in the world in last 30 years(1972 -2002) was almost linear with yearly additions of343 TWh/y or 5,6% reaching in 2002 production of 16.054 TWh/y • ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PRO CAPITA in 2002 in the world varies extremely and lies between 27 kWh/cap in Etiopia and 27.764 kWh/cap on Iceland (1: 1000) • World fossil fuel consumption for the electricity production grew from 20,9% to 34,3% of TPES • CO2 EMISSONS are growing at the same rate as production of electricity P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  3. ENERGY SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT 2 ENERGY SYSTEM FOR UN-SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EMISSIONS OF CO2: 24.101,83 Mt/y IN 2002 LIQUID FUEL LPG BIOMASS P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  4. ENERGY SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EMISSIONS IN YEAR 2xxx ? 0,00 CO2 GEOTHERMAL P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  5. ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN EU Predicted installed capacity of differentgeneratingcapacities in 15 EU states (GW)* 2000201020202030 growth % • Nuclear136.4135.1117.245.6 - 66,5 ?? • Coal and Lignite166.1101.136.99.5 - 94,3 ?? • Open Cycle multi-fired68.760.2122.3244.6 256 • Open Cycle IPP33.12520.515.1 - 54,4 • GTCC59208.7305354.3 500,5 ?? • Small GT25.245.279.296.6 283,3 ?? • Clean Coal and Lignite0.53.426.637 7300 !!! • Biomass-Waste4.44.766.5 47,7 • Fuel Cells0001.3 --- • Hydro-Renewables119.2133.7158170.7 43,2 • TOTALS612.6717.1871.7981.2 60,2 *The Liberalisation of Europe's Electricity Markets –pg.12, 2000 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  6. EU RE TARGET +87,5 New generating capacity: fossil fuel to 2010 104,5 GW* to 2030 368,6 GW* * 50 % new, 50 % replacement [1] White Paper, table 3, page 50 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  7. CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY • SOLAR TOWER (molten salt-sodium, potassium nitrate) ~ 900 °C • ONLY EXPERIMENTAL UNIT 10 MW • LOW EFFICIENCY ~ 7% • INVESTMENT NOT KNOWN • MAINTENANCE OF HELIOSTATS • HIGH TEMPERATURE CONVERSION USEFULL FOR SINFUEL • Project: 40 MW thermal – 15 MWe/24 h; 15$c/kWh • Investment: 100 M$ P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  8. CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY • PARABOLIC TROUGH (thermal oil) ~400 °C • Real SEGS 354 MW – 20 year of operation • Efficiency:~ 10,8%,y; 20% dayly max. • New plant eff.:: ~ 15-16%,y • Solar field eff. up to 60% • investment: $2000/kW for SEGS • Investment: $ 850/kW for ISCCS • Maintenance: acceptable • Hybridization up to 25%, thermal storage • Thermal storage costs:~ $20/ kWh SEGS- Solar Electric Generating System ISCCS – Integrated Solar Combined-Cycle System P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  9. CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESSolar chimney For medium power, simple design, reliable (?) Low efficency, integrated storage, aproppriate for hybridization with CSP, little experience P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  10. SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY Basic Research Needs for solar energy utilisation, ANL Workshop April 2005 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  11. Solar electricity production POSSIBILITIES in LIBYA • LAND • SOLAR IRRADIATION • AVAILABILITY OF TECHNOLOGIES • ELECTRICITY DISPATCH P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  12. MAP of LYBIA 1,759,540.00 sq km, 1% arable land Land for ~ 700 GW PP 200 x 200 km ~1542 km ~1667 km P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  13. DIREKT SOLAR IRRADIATION on the world map P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  14. CLIMATIC DATA FOR NORTH - EAST LIBYA YEARLY AVERAGE: Air temperature: 19,1°C Insulation on 31°tilted surface: 6,18 kWh/m2(6,6 kWh/m2 opt.) Wind speed, height 50 m: 5,01 m/s (86% > [3÷ 10] m/s) P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  15. PV production NORTH - EAST LIBYA YEARLY AVERAGE: Air temperature: 19,1°C Insulation on 31°tilted surface: 6,18 kWh/m2(6,6 kWh/m2 opt.) Yearly production: 1541 kWhe Land use: ~ 25 m2/ kWp P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  16. DESIGN CONCEPT • ESTIMATED PRODUCTION CAPACITY • EU 25 ESTIMATED ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN 2010: > 3000 TWh (2711 TWh in 2002) • INVESTMENT PLAN TO 2030: 184, 3 GW FOR REPLACEMENT AND 184,3 GW NEW PP • RENEWABLE ENERGY SHEAR: 87,5 GW • In 25 years 14 744 MW PP to be build per year ! • 50 % of them can be build in SAHARA as SUSTAINABLE, POLLUTION FREE ELECTRICITY P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  17. DESIGN CONCEPT SOLAR THERMAL POWER and PV PLANT AREA • 1000 MW unit, consisting of: 1 x 200 MW solar chimney: 5000 x 5000 m 3 x 200 MW ISCCS: 3 x 6100 x 700 m 1 x 200 MW PV 1 x 5000 x 500 m Total land use for 1 GW plant: 6800 x 6400 m = 43, 52 km2 Total efficiency: solar chimney: 3,0 % ISCCS: 12,5% PV: 10,5% Capacity factor: 0,5 Yearly electricity production: 3,862 TWh Number of units build per year: 7 P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  18. 2 x 100 PV 6 x 100 MW ISCCS 1 x 200 MW SOLAR POWER STATION 1 GW + ~ 200 WIND TURBINE (~ 7X7 KM) DESIGN CONCEPT 2 x 100 MW PV 6 x 100 MW ISCCS Solar chimney 200 MW SOLAR POWER PLANT 1 GW + ~200 WG Location: 31°N;23°E; Land use:~ 7 x 7 km P. Novak, Energotech, SI P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  19. CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIESdesign data ISCCS 200 MW: 773,5 GWh/y, Cf = 50% 673 ha (2600 x 2600 m); A= 33,6 m2/kW h ~ 14 %, costruction time: 12 months • Solar tower 200 MW: 350 ÷400 GWh/y, Cf ~ 57% • (700 ÷ 800 GWh/y) • Land area: 1920 ha (D =5000 m, h =1000 m), • A ~ 98 m2/kWe • ~ 2 ÷ (4) %, Construction time: 34 months P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  20. DESIGN CONCEPT To overcome the solar intermitance a HYBRIDIZATION OF SOLAR POWER PLANT is needed. This can be done with: • FOSSIL FUEL PP • GEOTHERMAL PP • LOW SPEED WIND TURBINE • SHORT THERM SOLAR STORAGE P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  21. CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY ISCCS – INTEGRATED SOLAR COMBINED-CYCLE SYSTEM Low pressure solar steam Variante: ORC geothermal hot rock High pressuresolar steam P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  22. CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER ECONOMICS SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY Debt Interest Rate: 9,5% Equity IRR: 15% Performans waranty: 1-5 y Peak capacity factor on 6h basis: 90 -95% with fossil hybrid or thermal storage Annual capacity factor: Cf ~ 40-50 % P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  23. CPS ECONOMICS SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT - ISCCS (www.energylan.sandia.gov/sunlab/overview.htlm) P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  24. How to start ? • With donation of the land to the one of international organization (UNESCO; UNDP; UNEP) – 99 year contrac • Organizing the international activities to build the first unit from donation and privat/public partnership • Seling the green electricity to the Europe and other interested countrie • Clean income should be used for activities of UN org. (e.g. UNESCO tc.) • Benefits: • UN organization become finantial les depended to help the African countries • Europe will be supplied with sustainable electricity from independent organization • Expirence will be collected for the next units • The next units can be commercial • Questions? • Can we find the donor? • Will the UNO accept the proposal and will be in position to realize the job P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

  25. CONCLUSIONS The question of solar electricity production on large scale in Nord Africa is not: “Can we do it?” but “Why don’t WE?” THANK YOU P. Novak: BIG SUN - solar power from Nord Africa

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