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The Artificial Cytoskeleton: Adaptation in Diatoms

Explore the development and dynamic adaptation of unicells through morphogenesis. Learn about the artificial cytoskeleton and its role in producing adaptable morphologies. Discover experiments on diatoms and adaptation to environmental stress.

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The Artificial Cytoskeleton: Adaptation in Diatoms

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  1. Bentley, K. CS, UCL Developing The Artificial Cytoskeleton: adaptation through morphogenesis in diatoms Katie Bentley, Chris Clack: CS, UCL Eileen J. Cox: Botany, NHM The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  2. Bentley, K. CS, UCL • Background • Hand design of robots and artificial agents • - Bad idea ! • Interest in how well adapted forms in nature have occurred: • Evolution: evolutionary robotics, co- evolution… No geno-pheno mapping • Development: L-system, GRN… Multicellular, no life-time adaptation The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  3. Bentley, K. CS, UCL Background Look a level lower… How are unicells able to dynamically adapt? How can they produce complex morphologies? Can we harness this ability to produce Alife agents with adaptable morphologies? - Mechanism: cytoskeleton - Mechanism: cytoskeleton - YES ! The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  4. Bentley, K. CS, UCL • Cytoskeleton • STRUCTURAL:ACCESSORY: • Microfilaments (Actin) - Actin Binding Proteins (ABPs) • Microtubules (Tubulin) - Microtubule Binding Proteins (MAPs) • Intermediate filaments - Motor proteins • ATP ADP : fuel Regulated by [CA2+] The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  5. Bentley, K. CS, UCL • Cytoskeleton • Dynamic interaction of these elements is the • mechanism for… • Cell motility • Cell division • Cell Polarization… • Dynamic nature gives cells adaptive powers a vertebrate skeleton cannot allow • Structural system (dynamic) • Transport system (dynamic) The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  6. Bentley, K. CS, UCL • Artificial Cytoskeleton • Developed alongside biological experiments (Eileen) • Dynamical, spatial computational system (C/C++, OpenGL, GLUT, GLUI): • - swarm rather than CA • Structural proteins interact with concs of accessory proteins and ions in 3D voxel space. The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  7. Bentley, K. CS, UCL The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  8. Bentley, K. CS, UCL • Experiments • Diatom specific model additions… • AC interacts with plasmalemma, mitochondria and other organic material: • affects silica deposition… • Adaptation to osmotic stress • Adaptation to nutrient depletion… The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  9. Bentley, K. CS, UCL Experiments Based on theory and model in: Bentley, K. et al (2003). Nature's Batik: A Computer Evolution Model of Diatom Valve Morphogenesis.  Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. In Press. The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  10. Bentley, K. CS, UCL § The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

  11. Bentley, K. CS, UCL The Artificial Cytoskeleton:NIC – 10/11 Feb 2004

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