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histologyoftracheaandlung-160315034320 (1)

histology of trachea and lung

sureshmangutti
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histologyoftracheaandlung-160315034320 (1)

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  1. HISTOLOGY OF TRACHEA AND LUNG Dr.ushakannan,Asst.professor.

  2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  Conducting Part- responsible for passage of air and conditioning of the inspired air. Examples:nasal cavities,pharynx, trachea, bronchi and their intrapulmonary continuations.  RespiratoryPart-involved with the exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide between blood and inspires air.Includesthe lungs

  3. Trachea  Left and Right lobar bronchus Lungs.  Lobar Bronchi. . Lobes(Right 3 and Left 2.).  Segmental bronchi Broncho-pulmonary segments(10+10)  Bronchioles  Terminal bronchioles.  Respiratory Bronchioles.  Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveoli.

  4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM HISTOLOGY  Trachea  Bronchus -Primary bronchus -Secondary bronchus -Tertiary bronchus  Bronchiole  Lung

  5. Trachea  Mucosa -Epithelium -Lamina propria  Sub mucosa  Cartilage &muscle layer  Adventitia

  6. RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM

  7. Trachea Mucosa  Epithelium -Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar/ Respiratory epithelium Cells-Ciliated columnar cells - Goblet cells -Brush cells - Basal cells -Granule (kulchitsky) cells Secretory cells -Clara cells( bronchiolar cells) surfactant.  Lamina propria - fibre, Lymphocyte, Mast cells, Blood vessels Elastic

  8. Trachea  Sub mucosa-  Loose connective tissue  Tracheal glands-Mixed (serous &mucus) glands  Blood vessels and ducts  Cartilage &smooth muscle layer-  ”C” Shaped hyaline cartilage having perichondrium and chondrocytes  Ends of cartilage connected by smooth muscles  Adventitia-fibro elastic tissue

  9. TRACHEA (T.S. LOW POWER)

  10. CELLS SEEN IN THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGES  Goblet cells  Non-ciliated serous cells  Basal cells  Cells of Clara  Brush cells  Argyrophil Cells similar to diffuse endocrine cells of gut  Lymphocytes

  11. HISTOLOGY OF LUNG

  12. BRONCHUS  Principal bronchus -same as trachea  Secondary /Lobar  bronchus -Irregular hyaline cartilage -Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar  Tertiary /Segmental bronchus -Columnar epithelium -Patches of cartilage

  13.  Segmental or tertiary bronchus:  The number of Goblet cells reduced.(epithelium)  The number of Glands reduced.(submucosa)  The cartilage is present in the irregular plates.

  14. BRONCHIOLE  Terminal bronchiole -Columnar epithelium -No cartilage - smooth muscle + -Clara cells (dome shaped) present -Cuboidal epithelium -No mucous gland  Respiratory bronchiole

  15. RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLE  Cuboidal epithelium.  No mucus gland.

  16.  Lined by simple ciliated or columnar epithelium.  Smooth muscles form ring underneath the epithelium in between two adjacent alveoli.

  17.  Alveolar duct-Alveolar sac.  Alveolar duct lined by simple squamous epithelium.  Increase the surface area of gaseous exchange.  Surrounded by network of capillaries.

  18.  Inter alveolar septum- Is the wall present in between the two adjacent alveoli.  Consists of epithelial cells of each alveolus on both sides.  Connective tissues contain capillaries,collagen,elastic fibres,fibroblasts and macrophages(dust cells).

  19.  Alveoli are thin walled outpouchings , lined by a single layer of cells.  Two types:  Pneumocyte 1 and2 cells.  Also called pneumocyte or alveolar cells.

  20.  Type 1 Pneumocyteare squamous cells ,adjacent cells are joined together by tight junctions.  Function: Gaseous exchange.  Type 11 Pneumocytes:  Cuboidal cells,scatteredamong type 1 cells.  Secrete Pulmonary surfactant which lowers the surface tension and prevents alveoli from collapsig.  Alveolar macrophages or Dust cells – Remove debris.

  21. Bronchus and Bronchiole

  22. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES  Bronchus  Glands are present.  Presence of cartilage.  Goblet cells are present.  Spiraliyarranged smooth muscle layer.  Mucosa folded lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells. Bronchioles  No glands  No cartilage  No goblet cells  Thick smooth muscle layer  Mucosa highly folded lined by simple columnar or cuboidal cells with Presence of Clara cells  Many elastic fibres

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