The Most Complete Map of Oncogenes To Date: A Summary of 568 Oncogenes In 66 Cancers

1. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com The Most Complete Map of Oncogenes To Date: A Summary of 568 Oncogenes In 66 Cancers Cancer is not a kind of disease, but a name for a group of related diseases characterized by mutations or other changes in the genome that cause uncontrolled cell growth. Tumors can have hundreds to thousands of mutations, but only a few are critical to their tumorigenic ability. These key mutations affect the function of cancer driver genes. Finding genes with such cancer driver mutations is one of the main goals of cancer research. In August 2020, the research team of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology in Spain published a paper entitled: A compendium of mutational cancer driver genes in Nature Reviews Cancer. By analyzing the genomes of 28,076 tumor samples from 66 types of cancer, 568 cancer driver genes were identified. This is the most complete map of cancer driver genes to date. The research data has been updated on the IntOGen platform. The researchers performed extensive computational analysis on 28,076 tumor samples from 66 cancers and identified 568 cancer driver genes. These key genes play specific roles in regulating cell growth, cell cycle and DNA replication. Mutations in these genes give malignant cells the ability to reproduce rapidly and endlessly, evade the immune system and other defense systems, spread and invade other tissues, and change the environment for their own benefit. By identifying these 568 cancer driver genes, the researchers observed that most genes are highly specific and their mutations can only trigger a few tumor types. However, there are also a small number of cancer driver genes that are powerful, such as TP53, PIK3CA, KMT2C, ARID1A, KMT2D, LRP1B, PTEN, RB1, FAT4 and KRAS, mutations in each of these 10 genes can cause more than 20 different types of cancer. Among them, the most exaggerated is the famous TP53 gene, whose mutations cause more than 50 cancers.

2. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com Although researchers have recognized that cancer driver genes have varying degrees of specificity since they were first identified, but with this cancer driver gene map, this problem can be solved without prejudice. Previous studies have shown that cancer is caused on average by four key cancer driver genes. Some tumors are caused by only one gene mutation, while some tumors, such as colorectal cancer and uterine tumors, can be caused by more than 10 gene mutations. In addition, other genomic changes, such as structural mutations, gene copy number changes, and mutations in non-coding regions of the genome also contribute to tumorigenesis.

3. Huateng Pharma https://en.huatengsci.com Before the start of cancer genomics, scientists had identified dozens of cancer driver genes, and in the following two to three decades, scientists quickly studied and characterized the functions of these genes. In contrast, in less than two decades since the first tumor genome was sequenced, scientists have discovered hundreds of cancer driver genes. The advancement of DNA sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics methods have made the discovery of cancer driving genes faster and faster. This has also led to a huge knowledge gap between the number of cancer driver genes and the number of cancer driver genes that humans have characterized. To a certain extent, it means that it is a major challenge and direction for cancer genomics research in the short term to comprehensively analyze these 568 cancer driver genes to drive tumor development and to narrow these knowledge gaps in the short term. The leader of the study, Nuria Lopez-Bigas, said: "The compilation of cancer driver genes provides vital knowledge for cancer researchers in the field of clinical and basic research, and has an important impact on clinical

4. Huateng Pharma decision-making. If we know that the tumor’s carcinogenic ability depends on a specific protein, then researchers can use approved targeted therapies, such as antibodies or other inhibitors that hinder its function, to treat cancer." https://en.huatengsci.com Huateng Pharma is a professional pharmaceutical intermediates supplier with a 34000m2 industrial park and a 5000m2 R&D base. It is dedicated to the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, there are some kinds of anti-cancer intermediates such as Carfilzomib intermediates, Elagolix intermediates, Palbociclib intermediates, Enzalutamide intermediates, Alectinib intermediates and so on. There are also some anti-viral intermediates such as Oseltamivir intermediates, Baloxavir Marboxil intermediates and Remdesivir intermediates. Reference: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41568-020-0290-x https://www.intogen.org/search