ORAL PATHOLOGY

1. ORAL PATHOLOGY

2. ORAL PATHOLOGY • Aka: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology • Doctor: Oral Pathologist • General w/ 4 years additional education. • Dx diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. • WNL • Within Normal Limits • Assistants duties; • Look for tissue that is not WNL

3. Any wound sore tissue damage Caused by trauma injury disease chemicals Location Above the mucosa below the mucosa even or flat with the mucosa On the: cheeks lips tongue palate LESIONS

4. Above the surface • Blister • fluid filled sac • Bulla = large blister • Vesicle = small blister

5. Pustule pus in the blister Hematoma blood in the blister Above the surface

6. Above the surface • Plaque, (not dental) • patch or flat area slightly raised from the surface of the mucosa

7. Below the surface • Ulcer • break or defect • of the mucosa • Erosion • shallow defect • due to trauma

8. Abscess Periapical around the apex Radiograph Below the surface

9. Abscess Periodontal around the tooth Causes poor OHI irritant infection Below the surface

10. Cyst sac or pouch fluid and semi-solid material blocked duct crown of unerupted tooth. Below the surface

11. Flat, even, or raised w/ the surface • Ecchymosis • medical term for • bruising • Petechiae • small red dots/spots

12. Nodules small solid lesions below or above surface Granuloma nodule with granulation tissue Flat, even, or raised w/ the surface

13. Tumors ‘oma’ means tumor benign = not life threatening malignant = life threatening Flat, even, or raised w/ the surface

14. Aka tooth decay pt’s call it a ‘cavity’ disease of the oral cavity Caused by: Streptococcus mutans lactobacilli bacteria eat sugar produce acid Types incipient arrested root rampant recurrent Dental Caries

15. Progression of Dental Caries • 1. A tooth surface without caries. • 2. The first signs of demineralization, a small "white spot" has been formed (initial caries,or incipient caries). It is not yet a cavity, the surface is still hard. With proper measures, the caries process can be halted here and even reversed. • 3. The enamel surface has broken down. We have got a "lesion" with a soft floor. • 4. A filling has been made, but as can be seen, the demineralization has not been stopped and the lesion is surrounding the filling. It is sometimes called "Secondary caries or recurrent caries." • 5. The demineralization proceeds and undermines the tooth. • 6. The tooth has fractured - an effect of a process which could have been stopped at an early stage!

16. Progression of Dental Caries

17. Aka ‘baby bottle mouth’ widespread decay throughout whole mouth uncontrolled Rampant caries

18. Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Conditions of the teeth

19. Attrition natural wearing away Abrasion break down of tooth bruxism brushing chemicals habits Conditions of the teeth

20. Anodontia congenital absence of teeth. One, several, all most common on, 3rd molars and lateral incisors Macrodontia large teeth Microdontia small teeth Conditions of the teeth

21. Supernumerary more than normal # Twinning aka gemination a "double crown" or a "double root." Tooth counting reveals a normal number of teeth. Conditions of the teeth

22. Fusion two adjacent tooth germs merge producing one tooth tooth counting reveals decreased numbers Concresence roots of two adjacent teeth are joined by cementum Conditions of the teeth

23. Conditions of the teeth

24. Glossitis inflammation of the tongue Fissured tongue Ankyloglossia aka tongue tied lingual frenum is attached near or at the tip of the tongue Tx = frenectomy Conditions of the tongue

25. Geographic tongue aka strawberry tongue fungiform papilla Hairy tongue aka black hairy tongue filliform papilla Conditions of the tongue

26. Aspirin burn Smokeless tobacoo Conditions of the oral tissues

27. Gingival hyperplasia overgrowth of the gingival tissue. Genetics Medications Dilantin, anti-seizure Poor fitting denture hormones puberty pregnancy Conditions of the oral tissues

28. Puberty gingivitis Pregnancy gingivitis Amalgam tattoo Conditions of the oral tissues

29. Nicotine Stomatitis Aphthous Ulcer aka canker sore stress hormones diet poor immune system Conditions of the oral tissues

30. Cellulitis inflammation of the tissue. Bell’s Palsy paralysis of one side of the face. Conditions of the oral tissues

31. Cleft lip improper fusion of the nasal process with the max. process Cleft palate improper fusion of the palatal bones Conditions of the oral tissues

32. Torus tori (plural) aka exostosis bony growth Conditions of the oral tissues

33. Herpes HSV type I Herpes Zoster aka shingles Diseases of the oral cavity

34. Oral cancer squamous cell carcinoma Diseases of the oral cavity

35. HIV gingivitis Candidiasis aka ‘thrush’ initial sign (manifestation) of AIDS Diseases, conditions (AIDS PT.)

36. Hairy Leukoplakia Kaposi’s sarcoma Diseases, conditions (AIDS PT.)

37. Candida albicans Bacteria that causes fungal infection similar to thrush ANUG Acute, Necrotizing, Ulcerative, Gingiva Diseases, conditions (AIDS PT.)

38. Closing • There are hundred of pathological diseases and conditions. • Always look for things that are not ‘WNL’ • Dental assistant can never diagnose! • Remember, you are another set of ‘eyes’ for your doctor. • Any questions??