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COLLIDING EMPIRES IN ASIA: BRITAIN & RUSSIA CAME INTO DIRECT CONTACT IN KASHMIR IN THE 1840s. TIMELINE FOR THE CRIMEAN WAR. The Black Sea at the time of the Crimean War, 1854/55: The Russian attack on Sinope in Nov 1853 sparked the war.
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COLLIDING EMPIRES IN ASIA: BRITAIN & RUSSIA CAME INTO DIRECT CONTACT IN KASHMIR IN THE 1840s
The Black Sea at the time of the Crimean War, 1854/55:The Russian attack on Sinope in Nov 1853 sparked the war
Allied ships in the harbor of Balaclava (1854/55):Russia did not yet have a railroad net
Col. James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan Commanded the Light Brigade of cavalry He detested and was detested by his colleague, Lord Lucan of the Heavy Brigade, and commander, Lord Raglan
The Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava,October 25, 1854. Lord Tennyson:“Into the valley of Death/ Rode the six hundred…Their’s not to reason why,/ Their’s but to do and die”
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910): founder of the nursing profession in England
The Congress of Paris (Feb 27-April 8, 1856):Victory for France and Britain yielded virtually the same terms that Russia had already accepted in July 1853
Emperor Napoleon III Count Camillo di Cavour,Prime Minister of Sardinia
Italy after the Congress of Vienna(compare Norman Rich, p. 124)
The muscle and the brains of the Risorgimento: Garibaldi first meets Giuseppe Mazzini in 1833
MAZZINI’S VISION OF ‘THE NATION’ WAS DEMOCRATIC & EGALITARIAN “Without Country you have neither name, token, voice, nor rights, no admission as brothers into the fellowship of the Peoples…. Soldiers without a banner, Israelites among the nations, you will find neither faith nor protection. Do not beguile yourselves with the hope of emancipation from unjust social conditions if you do not first conquer a Country for yourselves; where there is no Country there is no common agreement to which you can appeal; the egoism of self-interest rules alone. Do not be led away by the idea of improving your material conditions without first solving the national question. You cannot do it…. Votes, education, the right to work are the three main pillars of the nation; do not rest until our hands have solidly erected them.”
“The Insurrection at Rome: Attack on the Pope’s Palace”(Illustrated London News, December 2, 1848):The young Pope Pius IX was chased out of town
French troops enter Rome to restore Papal rule,April 30, 1849, on the orders of President Louis Napoleon
Giovannia Fattori, “Cavalry Charge:” France & Sardinia defeat Austria at Solferino, June 24, 1859
“Napoleon III at the Battle of Solferino, June 24, 1859”—Austria lost 3,000 troops killed and 11,000 wounded;France, 2,500 killed and 12,500 wounded
“The Man in Possession. Victor Emanuel: ‘I wonder when he will open the door.’”(September 1860)
“The Right Leg in the Boot at Last.”“’If it won’t go on, Sire, try a little more powder!’”(London, October 1860)
Pope Pius IX (r. 1846-1878)never accepted his loss of temporal rule. Napoleon III sent a French garrison to protect him in Rome. Pius launched a moral crusade against nationalism, socialism, liberalism, and all forms of modernism.
WHY DID ITALY NEVER BECOME A GREAT POWER?ENDURING DIVISIONS WITHIN “UNIFIED” ITALY • The Vatican threatened to excommunicate any Catholic who accepted government office’ • Italy was unified through plebiscites, endorsing annex-ation by Piedmont, not a constitutional convention. • Only about 2% of the population could vote for the new Italian parliament. • Piedmont’s Free Trade policy ruined the less efficient manufacturers of the South, so the economic gap between North & South widened after 1860. • Most government officials and army officers throughout Italy came from Piedmont; many Sicilians preferred customary law to Piedmontese law.
