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Preparing and Delivering Lectures. Nadia Al Wardy. Why do we lecture?. To :. Provide course cohesion Brief students about what we expect of them Help them see the important points Tell them things. Some less positive reasons. It’s what students expect It’s what I’m timetabled to do
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Preparing and Delivering Lectures Nadia Al Wardy
To: • Provide course cohesion • Brief students about what we expect of them • Help them see the important points • Tell them things
Some less positive reasons • It’s what students expect • It’s what I’m timetabled to do • It’s the way it’s done round here • I haven’t time/energy/resources to do it any other way
“Lecture: process by which the notes of a teacher becomes the notes of a student without passing through the minds of either” Michael O’Donnell
Preparing Lectures • Purposes – objectives (in the form of Qs) • Content – essential principles, little detail • Organisation – classical, problem-centred • Preparation of audio-visual aids – is it fulfilling its purpose?
Classical • Outline purpose of lecture • Describe main themes • Outline & explain first key point • Illustrate with examples • Repeat first key point • Outline & explain second key point • Illustrate with examples • Repeat second key point • Summarize • Repeat main themes & conclude
Problem-centred • Statement of Problem • Offer solution 1 • Discuss strengths and weaknesses • of solution 1 • Offer solution 2 • Discuss strengths and weaknesses • of solution 2 • Summary & concluding remarks
Preparing Lectures • Purposes – objectives (in the form of Qs) • Content – essential principles, little detail • Organisation – classical, problem-centred • Preparation of audio-visual aids – is it fulfilling its purpose?
Skills of Lecturing Openings Explaining Summarizing
Openings • Gain attention of the group • Establish a relationship with the group • Provide the framework for the talk • Outline of procedure • Introduction to content
Explaining The key skill in lecturing
Types of Explaining • Descriptive – What? • Interpretive – How? • Reason giving – Why? • When? • Where?
To explain effectively.. • Identify and state the problem to be explained • Take account of the existing knowledge of explainees and; • Build an explanation which links to their existing knowledge
Essential Features of Explaining • Clarity • Generating interest • Persuasion
Improving Clarity 1. Signposts 2. Frames 3. Foci “the necessity of making things plain to uninstructed people was one of the very best means of clearing up the obscure corners of one’s own mind” Huxley 1825-95 4. Links
Generating Interest • Show your own interest/commitment to the topic by being expressive • Think of and use examples, analogies, metaphors and models which are apt for the audience and the topic
Generating Interest • If the material is unfamiliar, begin with examples • Use a mixture of modes of explaining • Narrative • Anecdotal • Conceptual • Use puzzles, problems and questions
Persuasion • Appear credible and trustworthy • Present both sides of the argument • Do not dismiss cherished beliefs • Let group members draw their own conclusions
Endings • A summary which draws together the main points and reservations • A conclusion which may be a statement or a quotation and which may link the topics to other topics • The next steps?
Three Key Elements • Set • Dialogue • Closure
Set - ROLE • Roles • Objectives • Linkages • Environment
Dialogue - QUEST • Questions • Understanding • Eyes • Stimulation • Timing
Closure - REST • Review • Eyes • Summary • Termination
Tell them what you want say Say it Tell them what you said
AMEE Education Guide No. 22: Refreshing lecturing: a guide for lecturers