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This paper explores various teaching approaches in mathematics, analyzing studies by Rogers (1998), Miller et al. (2004), and Walker et al. (1999), discussing implications for educators based on findings from different sources.
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Citations within a paper • Single author • Rogers (1998) compared reaction times… • … on reaction times (Rogers, 1998) • Multiple (3 – 5) authors • First citation in text • Miller, Brownell, Smith, and Brown (2004) found… • After • Miller et al. (2004) found • Multiple (6+) authors • Walker et al. (1999) • List the first authors until references are differentiated
More on citations in text • Use groups as authors • First - National Council of Teachers of Math [NCTM], 2006 • Following - NCTM (2006) • When to use “&” vs. “and” • and is used in the text outside of parentheses • & is used in the text inside parentheses • & is used in the reference page (bibliography)
Only when’s… • Page numbers in citation when quoting “the best means of learning was through interactivity” (Smith, 2003, p. 33). • (J. Bobbard, personal communication, October 1, 2007)
Reference list examples Rosenshine, B., & Stevens, R. (1986). Teaching functions. In W.C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 376-391). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Sanders, S., Riccomini, P.R., & Witzel, B.S. (2005). The algebra readiness of high school students in South Carolina: Implications for middle school math teachers. South Carolina Middle School Journal, 13, 45-47. Schumm, J. S., Vaughn, S., & Saumell, L. (1994). Assisting students with difficult textbooks: Teacher perceptions and practices. Reading Research and Instruction, 34(1), 39-59. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.library.winthrop.edu/ehost/detail?hid=13&sid=4880cb06-a496-43f8-a7b3-9f3385e49963%40sessionmgr14&vid=4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=psyh&AN=1995-30989-001
More references Simpson, R. L., LaCava, P. G., & Graner, P. S. (2004). The no child left behind act: Challenges and implication for educators. Intervention in School and Clinic, 40(2), 67-75. South Carolina State Mathematics Standards. (2003). Retrieved February 14, 2005, from http://www.myscschools.com. Stein, M., Silbert, J., & Carnine, D. (1997). Designing effective mathematics instruction: A direct instruction approach (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Look through examples in our readings • Examine one of the readings • Look for author citations • Look for multiple citations strung together • Look at subsequent citations from the same author in the same paragraph • Look at reference lists • Why is a standard in writing important? • http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/apa