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Ch 5, Sec 3: Alexander the Great

Ch 5, Sec 3: Alexander the Great. Objectives. Understand how the Peloponnesian War allowed outside invaders to take over Greece. Explain how an outsider of Greece became it’s biggest supporter for expansion.

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Ch 5, Sec 3: Alexander the Great

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  1. Ch 5, Sec 3: Alexander the Great

  2. Objectives • Understand how the Peloponnesian War allowed outside invaders to take over Greece. • Explain how an outsider of Greece became it’s biggest supporter for expansion. • Debate the controversy of the title of “Alexander the Great” when it comes to this historical figure.

  3. Post Peloponnesian War Problems for Greek City-states • Delian League was gone = no protection • Small populations • Farms destroyed • Greek citizens left for Persia

  4. Rise of King Philip II of Macedonia in Greece • Took power in 359 B.C. • Loved Greek culture • Wanted to defeat the Persian Empire • Needed to join Macedonia/Greece together to accomplish his goal • Attacked the divided Greek city-states one at a time/bribed others to join him between 359-338 B.C.

  5. Rise of Alexander in Greece • Alexander was Philip’s son • Philip II-assassinated in 336 B.C. • Trained as a soldier from foot soldier to commander of the army at age 16 • Influenced in early childhood by Greek culture • Taught by Aristotle • Took over as king at 20 years old

  6. Alexander at the Battle of Thebes • Thebes, a Greek-city state, fought Alexander but lost • Alexander slaughtered over 10,000 men and sold over 20,000 women/children into slavery • He Scared other city-states into following him

  7. War Path of Alexander • Took 40,000 troops into Asia Minor to defeat the Persian troops in former Greek colonies in 334 B.C. • Took over Syria, Egypt, Persia, and parts of land in today’s India and Pakistan between 332-326 B.C. (all of which were under Persian control) • Burned down capitals, palaces, and whole towns • He never lost a battle

  8. End of Alexander’s Life • Troops were tired of being away from home after 8 years • Refused to fight any longer • Didn’t trust him (drinking/culture changes) • Alexander forced to retreat to Macedonia in 326 B.C. • He refused to send troops home by boat • Walked through the deserts of Iran • Died from Typhoid Fever at 32 on the way home

  9. Legacy of Alexander from 336-323 B.C. Part I • Merged 3 cultures together (Greek, Macedonian, and Persian) • Spread Greek influence over Asia, Europe, and Africa • Increased trade • Created Alexandria • 57 cities with same name

  10. Legacy of Alexander from 336-323 B.C. Part II • Military tactics are still studied today • Allowed captured cultures to rule themselves if they promised to support him • Start of the Hellenistic era • Made new areas “like the Greeks

  11. You be the Judge • Use your notes, p. 180-181 in the textbook, and the articles I have provided to make up your own decision. Was Alexander the Great a Villain or a Hero? • Step 1: Use the t-chart to take notes supporting each side • Step 2: Decide if he was a Villain or a Hero • Step 3: Write a Eulogy describing his life supporting your ideas from Step 2.

  12. Sources • Journey Across Time Textbook • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/alexander_the_great.shtml • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/alexander-the-great • http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-the-great-9180468

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