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GLOBALIZATION

GLOBALIZATION. Issues, Critics, and Institutions. WHAT IS THE GLOBE?. CULTURALLY SPECIFIC SET OF COMMITMENTS RELATIONSHIPS SET OF PRACTICES. WHAT IS GLOBALIZTION?. World wide integration and deepening of economic activities I integrated production and consumption systems

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GLOBALIZATION

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  1. GLOBALIZATION Issues, Critics, and Institutions

  2. WHAT IS THE GLOBE? • CULTURALLY SPECIFIC SET OF COMMITMENTS • RELATIONSHIPS • SET OF PRACTICES

  3. WHAT IS GLOBALIZTION? • World wide integration and deepening of economicactivities • Iintegrated production and consumption systems • Ffacilitated by IT revolution, liberalization andderegulation • Uunprecedented mobility of goods, services, capitaland people • Events all over the world strongly interdependent

  4. DEBATES • Is globalization new or old? • Is globalization good or bad? 3. Is globalization really “global” or inclusive of all people?

  5. 5 ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION • ECONOMIC • TECHNOLOGICAL • CULTURAL • POLITICAL • MILITARY THESE ASPECTS ARE ALL INTERCONNECTED!

  6. 1. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION EARLY CAPITALIST IDEAS: 1. “Free Market Economy” (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776) Market is “free” from State control 2. Division of labor 3. Competition

  7. Lets look at an example of “Division of Labor”

  8. Airbus Consortium

  9. Airbus Consortium • Jointly owned by companies from 4 countries: • France • German • Britain and • Spain. • Wings from Britain, • Fuselage and tail from Germany, • Doors from Spain, • Cockpit and final assembly in France.

  10. Airbus Consortium • 1,500 suppliers in 27 countries. • More than 35 percent of components for the consortium's aircraft are supplied from over 500 American companies. • Numerous suppliers also are located in the Asia-Pacific. • Singapore Technologies Aerospace produces wing ribs and passenger doors for the A320, and engine mounts and thrust reverser doors for the A340. • India's Hindustan Aeronautics Limited also builds A320 passenger doors.

  11. Economic Globalization TODAY: • Economies Are Increasingly Linked Together • EXS: NAFTA (MX, CA, US), The EU, WTO (World Trade Organization)

  12. Economic Globalization WTO • Only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations • Goal: help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business

  13. 1)Promotes free-”er” trade.2)Raises world out-put levels via specialization 3)Establishes a standard rule by law and terms of trade for greater efficiency.4)Updates all participating countries and banks to international standards and efficiency in terms of trade and commerce. World Trade Organization Pros

  14. 1)Unequal benefits awarded to DCs and LDCs 2)Certain DCs such as parts of Africa get marginalized due to lack of participation in world trade. 3)Gives unfair political leverage to larger economies via hegemony. 4)Rules and regulations are often ignored, and the organization is powerless to act against minor oversight.  5)Decisions of the organization are dominated by larger economies who have more voting power. World Trade Organization Cons

  15. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATIONOld or New? MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS • OLD: Dutch East India Company? • 1602 company of Dutch merchants & independent trading companies • Spice trade monopoly in East Asia • Power to colonize territories & enslave indigenous people • Indonesia & South Africa

  16. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATIONOld or New? • NEW: Nike, Wal-Mart, Royal/Dutch Shell • Top 100 multinationals are all US-owned companies! • Royal/Dutch Shell: global group of energy and petrochemical companies, operating in more than 140 countries and territories, employing more than 112,000 people

  17. Economic Globalization in AFRICA • Little Industry and Technology • Can economic globalization help reduce poverty? • “Brain Drain” • Debt (IMF loans) Africa countries can’t even pay back interest • 300 million people live on less than $1/day • 48% people in sub-Saharan Africa in extreme poverty (less than 750 calories/day) • 2001 Index for Foreign Investment in Africa was “0” • Gap between rich and poor increasing

  18. Does Globalization help all regions equally? Lets take a look at the two largest regions with the largest world populations. Lets see if we can see the difference

  19. China in late 1980’s

  20. China in 2005

  21. India in late 1980’s

  22. India in the present day

  23. What’s the difference Why?

  24. TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION • “World Wide Web” has exploded in last 10 years • Computers can move money around world = “finance capital” • Silicon Valley is 9th largest economy in world! Africa • Number of telephones is decreasing • More computers in Manhattan than all of Africa! • Post-colonial infrastructures don’t support technology

  25. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

  26. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION • Cultural Imperialism = • Dominance of one culture over others • Hollywood movies, MacDonald’s, Disneyland, Starbucks • Dominance of the English language and invasion of other languages • Do people all over the world have the same taste?

  27. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION • The United Nations: • Global assoc. of govts. facilitating cooperation in international law, security, economic development, and social equity • Whose interests does the UN represent? • The US and the UK were the only nations in support of going to war in Iraq • Can a global politics with social values exist? • Alternative political gatherings: • Annual World Social Forums since 2001, The Piece Process @ Gav!

  28. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION South Africa • In 2001, US pharmaceutical corporations sued South African companies for infringing on AIDS medication patent laws • In 2003, President George W. Bush announced the Emergency Plan in 2003 - the largest international health initiative in history by one nation to address a single disease • HIV/AIDS Situation in 2004HIV Infected: 5.3 millionAIDS Deaths: 370,000AIDS Orphans: 1.1 million

  29. Nuclear Bombs F/A-22 Raptor MILITARY GLOBALIZATION

  30. MILITARY GLOBALIZATION • Global alliances become clear during war time • Ex: Today’s US alliance with Britain in wars against Afghanistan and Iraq • What will happen with North Korea and nuclear weapons?

  31. MILITARY GLOBALIZATION Africa • “Trade in Arms” = US sold $227 million in arms to AF in 1990s • US train and provide weapons for African armies on both sides of their civil wars (ex. Mobutu civil war in Zaire) • US is the #1 exporter of weapons globally • US is the last on the list of exporters of non-military aid to the developing world

  32. The Karnataka State Farmers' Movement (KRRS) burn genetically modified crops as part of the "Cremate Monsanto" campaign. Karnataka, India, 1998.

  33. Zapatista women are vigilant in defending their community. Chiapas, Mexico.

  34. Palestinian women protest against the Israeli occupation and escalation of military aggression against civilians in the West Bank and Gaza. San Francisco, California, 2002.

  35. UCSC Lecturers Protest Unfair Labor Practices, 2002

  36. Questions?

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