Industrialization to Imperialism

1. Industrialization to Imperialism

2. Impact of Railroads They moved settlers West to farm and transported goods (food, resources) east to the major cities The rise of the railroad led to the rise of the steel, coal, and cattle industries Chinese Labor- the main labor force used to build the transcontinental railroad

3. Transcontinental Railroad Transcontinental Railroad- The first coast to coast railroad was built in 1869 and met in Promontory Point, Utah. Competition- The Union Pacific Railroad company built track from East to West. While the Central Pacific built track East from California through the Rocky Mountains. Additional Lines- By the end of the 1800’s five transcontinental lines were built connecting the East and West coasts of America (MANIFEST DESTINY COMPLETED)

4. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Passed in response to the large number of Chinese working in the West for low wages (railroad, factories), it banned the immigration of any new Chinese to the country for 10 years

5. Rise of Big Business The growth of Big Business occurs after the Civil War They used wealth to dominate American culture and political life to make them richer Their dominance will to reforms during the Progressive Era

6. Monopolies and Trusts Monopoly- when a company has exclusive control of a market and can manipulate the price of goods Trust- a business that is formed specifically to monopolize a market, the control all the business selling the product

7. John D. Rockefeller Founder of Standard Oil he created the largest trust in America by controlling the Oil industry One of the key figures of the Industrial Revolution

8. Thomas Edison The “wizard of Menlo Park” he will invent three life changing items: Light Bulb- now businesses, factories and homes could be located anywhere there was electricity Motion Picture Camera- led to the development of the Film Industry Phonograph- recorded sound; will lead to the development of the radio and IPod

9. Immigration During the late 1800’s the majority of immigrants come from Eastern and Southern Europe Ellis Island- the major east coast immigrant reception center These immigrants were likely to be poor, settle in cities, worked factory jobs, and created their own ethic neighborhoods

10. Native Americans and Westward Migration Native Americans were forced off their lands by Americans settling in the West Sitting Bull- Leader of the Sioux, defeated Custer at Little Big Horn Wounded Knee- the final battle of the wars with Native Americans, the U.S. massacres over 300 men, women and children

11. American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers Samuel Gompers- founder of the AFL it becomes the first union and fights for worker’s rights using strikes AFL goals- 40 hour work week, better working conditions, vacations and higher wages

12. Pullman Strike PullmanStrike- lays off 3,000 workers, cuts wages but keeps the rent at the same rate. Fired- Pullman fires the head of the workers unions. Federal troops break the strike. Results-almost all workers fired and blacklisted by the Pullman company. Union Leaders- see that conventional means can’t work and turn to more radical, violent ideas to gain Union rights

13. Progressive Era A reform movement to improve the social and political aspects of America Belief that laws can improve the lives of Americans Goals- government regulation of businesses, protect workers and consumers, conserve natural resources

14. Muckrakers Upton Sinclair- wrote The Jungle, exposing the problems with the Meat Packing Industry This led to the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act to regulate foods and meat in the United States Ida Tarbell- wrote a story on Standard Oil, helping to break up the trust

15. Women in the Progressive Movement Women sponsored laws to end child labor Pushed for the prohibition of alcohol Women wanted government inspections and rules for work places

16. Progressive Era Political Reforms Recall- Remove corrupt or unsatisfactory politician by majority vote Direct Election of Senators- For the first time in American history, citizens were given the ability to vote for the Senator Initiative- can force a public vote on a law or issue Referendum- the government must present the initiative to the public to vote

17. Jane Addams Founder of Hull House, a settlement house that helped immigrants. Hull House was designed to acclimate immigrants to life in the United States. Hull House provided health care and services to the poor

18. Conservation Movement President Roosevelt- led this movement, secured over 150 million acres of land to be preserved Yellowstone National Park- 1st ever National Park in the United States

19. Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 ruling by the Supreme Court that upheld Jim Crow laws and established the idea of Separate but Equal This court case made segregation legal in the United States

20. Jim Crow Laws Laws designed to separate blacks and whites which were degrading to African Americans.

21. Booker T. Washington Founder of Tuskegee University, believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their value to society.

22. W.E.B. DuBois believed that blacks needed immediate equality with White America, blacks needed liberal arts education in order to have a well educated class of leaders to deal with White America • Founder of the NAACP

23. NAACP Founded to fight Jim Crow Laws in the South by DuBois Its original goal was to gain full social and economic equality for African-Americans with White America

24. American Imperialism Americans argued over the decision to acquire colonies around the world The United States begins to flex its muscles in world affairs, especially in Central and South America

25. Spanish-American War The conflict that allowed the United States to gain control of Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam This war was a direct result of Americans wanting to become an Imperialistic Power

26. Roosevelt Corollary President Roosevelt announced to the world that the United States had the right to intervene in Latin American countries in economic crisis, to insure European countries could be repaid their debt

27. Panama Canal Roosevelt helps the Panamanians rebel against Columbia in exchange the US gets to build the canal. The canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans cutting the travel time by ships dramatically (see map)