NON-VASCULAR PLANTS

1. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS JRMG 2010 Bio1

2. WHAT ARE PLANTS?????

3. KINGDOM PLANTAE • Multicellular eukaryotes • CW: cellulose • Chlorophyll a and b • “STATIONARY ANIMALS EAT SUNLIGHT” • Immobile • Alternation of Generations

4. Basic Plant LIFE CYCLE

5. NEEDS of PLANTS • Sunlight • Water • Minerals • Gas

6. Overview of Plant Evolution • Algae- water • Land plants • Light and CO2 • Water and Minerals • Shoot system • Cuticle (2º product) • Lignin • Sporopollenin*

8. HOW DID PLANTS BECOME SUCCESFUL ON LAND????????

9. PLANT EVOLUTION:AS EMBRYOPHYTES • Gametes: non-aquatic environment • Embryos: protected • From EARLY PLANTS: • Gametangia • Production, protection, site of fertilization • Transformation to Embryophytes

10. EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS • Oxygen existence • Algae • Photosynthetic prokaryotes • Ancestral algal species • Charophytes • Cooksonia

11. CHAROPHYTES • branch of Phylum Chlorophyta • plant ancestor Chara braunii

12. CHAROPHYTES Chaetosporidium Choleochaete orbicularis

13. Cooksonia

14. Kingdom Plantae

15. History of Terrestrial Adaptation Charophytes: aquatic ancestors • 1ST ADAPTATION: Spores→Sporopollenin • Jacketed gametangia • EMERGENCE OF BRYOPHYTES

16. Sporopollenin Cuticle

17. Gametangia

18. 2ND ADAPTATION: Vascular tissues • EMERGENCE OF VASCULAR PLANTS

19. 3RD ADAPTATION: ORIGIN OF SEED • Colonization of land plants • Naked seeds • EMERGENCE OF GYMNOSPERMS

20. 4TH ADAPTATION: Modification of seeds • Protective coat • EMERGENCE OF ANGIOSPERMS

21. BREAKDOWN OF K. PLANTAE • Non- vascular plants • P. Bryophyta, P. Hepatophyta and P. Anthocerophyta • Vascular plants/ TRACHEOPHYTA • Gymnosperms • Angiosperms

22. NON- VASCULAR PLANTS • Without vascular tissue • Life cycle depends: water (reproduction)

23. PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA • Environment: water • Moist habitat and nutrient poor soil • Can tolerate low temp • STRUCTURE • Stalk + capsule= sporophyte • Leaf like and stem like structure • gametophyte • Life cycle (http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio213/plants.html)

25. Sphagnum

29. PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA • Liverworts • Gametophyte: umbrella like (gametangia) • Archaegonium • Antheridium • ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: Gemmae • Haploid cells • Gemmae cups

30. Marchantia polymorpha

31. Female gametophyte Male gametophyte

34. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

35. RHIZOID

36. Asexual Reproduction

38. PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA • Damp soil • Sporophyte: horn-like • Sporophyte reamins attached to the gametophyte • divides continuously • Large chloropast/cell

39. Anthoceros Dendroceros

40. Dendroceros

41. LIFE CYCLE: SEXUAL