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Comprehensive Guide to Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

Dive deep into anatomy and physiology basics, covering body structure, cell functions, metabolism, cell reproduction, tissue types, organs, systems, homeostasis, abnormal cell conditions, tumors, cancer, and immunity.

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Comprehensive Guide to Anatomy and Physiology Fundamentals

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  1. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

  2. Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Lessons 1. Basic Body Structure Go 2. Disease and Immunity Go TABLE OF CONTENTS

  3. Lesson 1 – Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy • Physiology • Body structures are organized into levels

  4. Lesson 1 – Cells • Cells • Functions of life

  5. Lesson 1 – Parts of Cells • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus

  6. Lesson 1 – Organelles • Organelles • In addition to the nucleus, important organelles include: • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • Endoplasmic reticulum • Centrioles • Golgi apparatus • Lysosomes

  7. Lesson 1 – Metabolism • Metabolism • Anabolism • Catabolism

  8. Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Mitosis • Mitosis • Supports the growth and maintenance of cells • Cells go through the process at different rates.

  9. Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Mitosis (Continued) • Steps in mitosis

  10. Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Meiosis • Meiosis • 23 chromosomes • Zygote

  11. Lesson 1 – Tissue • Tissue • Four major groups of tissue: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  12. Lesson 1 – Organs and Systems • Organ • System

  13. Lesson 1 – Organs and Systems (Continued) • The major body systems include: • Integumentary system • Skeletal system • Muscular system • Nervous system • Sensory system • Cardiovascular system • Lymphatic system • Respiratory system • Digestive system • Urinary system • Endocrine system • Reproductive system

  14. Lesson 2– Homeostasis • Keeping a state of balance in the body • Must preserve a balance of fluids, temperature, oxygen, electrolytes, and nutrients for survival.

  15. Lesson 2– Interdependence of Body Systems • Systems must work together in order to support human life • Problem in one system may have effects on other systems

  16. Lesson 2– Abnormal Cell Conditions • Atrophy • Hyperplasia • Metaplasia • Dsyplasia • Neoplasia

  17. Lesson 2– Tumors • Formed when cells divide in an unusual way and an abnormal and uncontrolled growth occurs • Two types of tumors: • benign tumor • malignant tumor

  18. Lesson 2– Cancer • Common sites of cancer include: • Mouth • Lungs • Breast • Colon • Uterus • Bone marrow • Warning signs and treatment vary with the area affected. Treatment involves surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

  19. Lesson 2– Immunity • Body’s ability to resist invaders and diseases they cause • Two general types: • Natural immunity • Acquired immunity

  20. Lesson 2– Natural Immunity • Some diseases that affect other animals normally do not affect human beings. • Body systems work together to provide defenses against invaders • physically • chemically

  21. Lesson 2– Acquired Immunity • Natural acquired immunity • Artificial acquired immunity • Passive acquired immunity • Active acquired immunity

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