Exploring Animal Systematics: DNA Evidence & Symmetry Evolution

1. Animal Classification, Phylogeny and Organization Chapter 7

2. Why do we need Nomenclature?

3. Taxons • Domain – Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukarya • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

4. Question? • How is DNA evidence of common ancestry?

5. VGT vs HGT • Vertical Gene Transfer – genes transfer from parent to offspring • Horizontal Gene Transfer – genes transfer from one species to another • Base of the tree of life is a net

6. Animal Systematics • Arranging animals into groups to show evolutionary relationships

7. Vocabulary

9. Phylogeny

10. Body Symmetry • What sort of symmetry do humans have? • Asymmetry • Bilateral symmetry • Radial symmetry • Cephalization • How did evolution play a part in this?

11. Patterns of Development • Major stages: fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis • Master control genes: Hox , Pax

12. Cleavage • An embryonic stage that follows fertilization • Characterized by rapid cell division • Ends when cells form a hollow ball called a blastula

13. Gastrulation • Embryonic stage that follows cleavage and blastula formation • Cell movement generates additional inner layers

14. Differentiation • After gastrulation, development begins to differentiate, depending on the organism

15. Vocabulary • Ectoderm – gives rise to the epidermis • Endoderm – gives rise to the tissue that lines the gut cavity • Mesoderm – gives rise to supportive (bone), contractile (muscle) and blood cells • Coelom – gives rise to viscera

16. Protostomes vs Deuterostomes